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The highlands of Ethiopia are a densely populated, agriculturally active region characterized by strong topographic contrasts. These contrasts have significant implications for ag…

The outer heliosphere is an interesting region characterized by the interaction between the solar wind and the interstellar neutral atoms. Having accomplished the mission to Pluto…

Long-term soil moisture datasets at high spatial resolution are important in agricultural, hydrological, and climatic applications. The soil moisture estimates can be achieved usi…

Managing Nitrogen (N) is fundamental, yet challenging, for sustainable development: N is essential for producing crops and livestock and consequently important for food security. …

The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is committed to inspiring and educating present and future generations of diverse, innovative, and creative Earth and space scientists. To mee…

Amongst the numerous existing methods to characterize fractured media, previous work has demonstrated that geoelectrical measurements, acquired either along the Earth's surface or…

Nonmigrating tidal diagnostics of SABER temperature observations in the ionospheric dynamo region reveal a large amount of variability on time-scales of a few days to weeks. In th…

The Mercury’s magnetic fields are known to be weaker than that predicted by conventional dynamo models. In order to explain the Mercury’s weak magnetic field, several models are p…

Structural imaging using body-wave energy present in ambient seismic data remains a challenging task, largely because these wave modes are commonly much weaker than surface wave e…

In recent years it has been recognised that parts of slow spreading ridges such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) are characterised by typical magmatic spreading, while other parts …

During enhanced magnetic activities, large ejections of energetic electrons from radiation belts are deposited in the upper polar atmosphere where they play important roles in its…

Studies of intraseasonal and annual cycles of meteorological variables, using projections of climate change, are nowadays extremely important to improve regional socio-economic pl…

In case of nuclear accidents like Fukushima disaster, the influence of 137Cs depositional forms (soluble and/or solid forms) on mineral soil of forest environment on its availabil…

Slow downward movements of slope due to long term influence of gravity and physical environment are becoming a slope creep and intentionally towards the high risk ground movement …

Examination of the radiation budget at the surface of the Earth shows that there are three factors affecting the surface temperature; the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the…

The mechanical interaction between ice floes in the polar sea-ice packs plays an important role in the state and predictibility of the ice cover. Using a Lagrangian-based numerica…

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio are shown to be synchronized for the decadal time scale. This synchronization, which we refer to as the Boundar…

The morphodynamic response of the Dutch Wadden Islands to the effects of climate change (e.g. sea level rise) or human interventions (e.g. nourishments) is closely tied to the evo…

Relationships between climate variability and climate sensitivity are to be expected where the damping of a climatic anomaly is due to a change in the energy balance of the planet…

• Nitrogen is the main component of the atmosphere, a key nutrient for organisms, and exerts con- trol over climate via direct warming, as N2O, and indirect effects, including pre…

The net surface water flux (evaporation minus precipitation minus runoff, E-P-R) of the Atlantic Ocean is approximately 0.4 – 0.6 Sv (1 Sv = 10^9 kg s-1) larger than that of the P…

Mongolia has a complex tectonic history. The lithosphere was formed from multiple plate collisions in the Neoproterozoic - Early Paleozoic associated with the Central Asian Orogen…

We developed a new experimental system with which anelasticity of a rock analogue sample (polycrystalline borneol) can be measured in situ during dislocation creep. We attached a …

The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a persistent band of organized convection in the tropics that arises due to the surface convergence of the Hadley cells. The location…

After the recent large earthquake disasters, Japan now emphasizes the role of universities in disaster prevention. Universities with expert knowledge of disasters and prevention a…

In this study, we re-analyze geophysical survey data in order to image intermediate to deep geoelectric structure and to enhance understanding of subsurface structures in the regi…

Extreme floods which overwhelm the capacity of a system of flood control dams may result in overtopping one or more of those structures. Traditional US Army Corps of Engineers ana…

When NASA established the Planetary Data System (PDS) in the late 1980s, its mandate to the PDS was not merely to preserve the bytes from NASA’s planetary science missions, but to…

Volume II of the Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States - evaluates the risks American society faces as a result of climat…

Climate change affects the global water cycle and has the potential to alter water availability for food-energy-water production and the ecosystems services on regional and local …

Land use/land cover (LULC) change could adversely affect watershed health by elevating nutrients and sediment levels and intensifying the risk of flooding. In this study, a spatia…

Index Terms: 1622: Earth system modeling; 1630: Land/atmosphere interactions; 1800: Hydrology; 1836 Hydrological cycles and budgets; 1840 Hydrometeorology; 1855: Remote sensing; 1…

Storm-time geomagnetic disturbances induce significant geoelectric fields within the Earth that can adversely affect the operation of electric power grids. The recently completed …

Larsen A and B ice shelves were affected by surface melt which preconditioned them for rapid disintegration due to hydrofracture and densification. Recently, warm and dry foehn wi…

Zonal flows in rotating systems have been previously shown to be suppressed by the imposition of a background magnetic field aligned with the direction of rotation. Understanding …

Understanding the simple mechanism of variable solar irradiance ocean warming/cooling allows for effective attribution, detection, and prediction of ocean-related extreme weather …

The Shenhu hydrate reservoirs of northern South China Sea are speculated to form and accumulate under the free gas-rich environment, and accord with the flow-transportation-reacti…

The subduction zone of the Cocos Plate beneath Southern Mexico has major variations in the megathrust geometry and behavior. The subduction segment beneath the Oaxaca state of Mex…

A major source of lithospheric stresses is believed to be in variations of surface topography and lithospheric density. The traditional approach to stress estimation is based on d…

Aquatic vegetation provides ecosystem services of great value. Its protection and restoration has become a major focus in coastal management. We seek to better understand the role…

The intraseasonal variation of the Tibetan Plateau summer monsoon (TPSM) during 1979–2011 is investigated. The TPSM shows a dominant quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) in most summ…

Airborne allergic pollen is a well known trigger for several cases of public health issues affecting millions of people. The effect is highly prevalent in the temperature region, …

The Ganga plains represent the abode of more than 400 million people and a region of severe anthropogenic disturbance to natural processes. Changing agricultural practices, ineffi…

Wetlands are the most important natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. When present, plant efflux is often the dominant pathway for methane emissions from the anoxic w…

One third of all coastlines worldwide consist of permafrost. Many of these permafrost coasts are presently exposed to greater environmental forcing as a consequence of climate cha…

A wide variety of research applications require knowledge of total solar irradiance (TSI) and solar spectral irradiance (SSI) on time scales from minutes to centuries. The current…

Rangelands cover over 50% of the land surface area in the western US, providing important economic, social and environmental benefits. The resilience of western rangelands, howeve…

Earth and environmental models are relied upon to investigate system responses that cannot otherwise be examined. In simulating physical processes, models have adjustable paramete…

PVGeo is an open-source Python package for geoscientific visualization and analysis harnessing an already powerful software platform: the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and its front…

Ganga river basin is the lifeline of the most of the North Indian population. Upper Ganga river basin is the source of Ganga river where Ganga river originates form Gangotri glaci…