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Showing 12901 to 12950 of 22070 works

Convergence. Are we there yet?

Infrastructure is not truly designed. It evolves. Infrastructure matures and becomes more ubiquitous, accessible, reliable, and transparent as ‘gateways’ begin to connect myriad s…

Mutual interference of layer plane and natural fracture in the failure behavior of shale and the mechanism investigatio…

Shale contains a certain amount of natural fractures, which affects the mechanical properties of shale. In spite that significant progress has been made, how natural fractures int…

Inferring the Sun's Far-Side Magnetic Flux for Operations Using Time-Distance Helioseismic Imaging

Solar wind models are highly dependent on global magnetic fields at the solar surface as their inner boundary condition, and the lack of global field data is a significant problem…

Geomagnetic activity control of irregularities occurrences over the crests and trough of the African EIA

This paper examined the behavior of ionospheric irregularities over the African Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) during intense geomagnetic storms which occurred from 2012 to 2…

Sensitivity analysis of the different land surface parameterization available in the WRF model

One of the challenges in the numerical weather models is the adequate representation of soil-vegetation-atmosphere interaction at different spatial scales, including scenarios wit…

Ground and space signatures of VLF noise suppression by whistlers

VLF spectrograms registered at Kannuslehto ground station, after cleaning them from strong sferics, reveal VLF noise suppression by whistlers and whistler echo trains, which consi…

Storm-time depletions of multi-MeV radiation belt electrons observed at different pitch angles

During geomagnetic storms, the rapid depletion of the high-energy (several MeV) outer radiation belt electrons is a result of loss to the interplanetary medium through the magneto…

Fostering Computational Skills in Secondary Education Earth Sciences through Jupyter Notebooks

As a multi-year coding in the classroom initiative, the Earth Science Information Partners’ education committee and community members have been exploring how to integrate coding s…

How neutral is quasi-neutral: Charge Density in the Reconnection Diffusion Region Observed by MMS

Magnetic reconnection is responsible for the major reconfigurations of the magnetosphere that lead to energy transport and deposition into the ionosphere. The fast rate at which m…

Uncertainties characterization of tropospheric profile retrieval by Bayesian inversion as compared to state-of-the-art …

Ground-based microwave radiometry is a common tool to estimate profiles of the atmosphere. With a high temporal resolution radiometers have became an alternative to atmospheric so…

Submarine Channels Characterization using Seismic Attribute Analysis: A Case Study from Browse Basin, Offshore Australia

CHALLENGES Submarine channels, erosional features on the world’s continental margins, are of great interest as they prove to be a prolific reservoir around Gulf of Mexico, offshor…

Key components and contrasts in the nitrogen budget across a US-Canadian transboundary watershed

Watershed nitrogen (N) budgets provide insights into drivers and solutions for groundwater and surface water N contamination. We constructed a comprehensive N budget for the trans…

Understanding the Dynamic Nature of Catchment Response Time through Machine Learning Analysis

Understanding the hydrologic response to rainfall events is vital for flood forecasting and design for peak flows. The Time to Peak (Tp) is used to characterize the speed of catch…

Fluctuations in marine radiocarbon reservoir age in the western Pacific: Evidence of reduced E-W Pacific gradient over …

Radiocarbon (C) is a useful tracer for surface ocean circulation and mixing, which reflects air-sea CO exchange. We present radiocarbon marine reservoir ages (R) and corrections (…

Relationship between cusp-region ion outflows and east-west magnetic field fluctuations in Southern and Northern Hemisp…

A number of interdependent conditions and processes contribute to ionospheric-origin energetic ion outflows. Due to these interdependences and the associated observational challen…

A Demonstration of an Improved Filtering Technique for Analyzing Climate Records via Comparisons of Satellite MSU/AMSU …

Climate data records typically exhibit considerable variation over short time scales both from natural variability and from instrumentation issues. The use of linear least squares…

Evaluating the Potential of Irrigation for Mitigating Urban Heat: Trade-off between Water Use and Heat Mitigation Capac…

Our world has been continuously urbanized and is currently accommodating more than half of the human population in cities. Despite that cities cover only less than 3% of the Earth…

Assessment of climate change in terrestrial water storage over the Magdalena-Cauca basin

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) plays a key role in land-surface interaction and the hydrological cycle. Changes in the variability of its components, including surface storage, s…

Can the GPS-data-based Global Ionospheric Maps provide relevant information on the polar ionospheric electron content d…

The electron content distribution of the north and south polar ionosphere is analyzed from 2001 to the beginning of 2019 from the Global Ionospheric Maps of VTEC computed each 15 …

A laboratory desert dust generator using vibration on a soil sample: mineralogical and compositional study

A laboratory study was carried out using a vibrating system (SyGAVib) to produce particles from four soils collected in the central Tunisian region around Sfax. The aim of this de…

Suprathermal Magnetospheric Atomic and Molecular Heavy Ions At and Near Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn: Observations and Id…

We compare the long-term suprathermal heavy ion composition measured at three planets using functionally identical charge-energy-mass ion spectrometers, one on Geotail, orbiting E…

First detection of a “minor” elevated stratopause in very early winter

Elevated stratopauses are typically associated with prolonged disturbed conditions in the northern hemisphere polar winter. MIPAS and MLS observed a short-lived and highly zonally…

Spectral Kurtosis Identification of Deep-Space Technosignatures

We investigate the Spectral Kurtosis (SK) statistical signature of a signal observed with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope Breakthrough Listen back-end that was transmitted…

Variable Slip Modes in Postseismic Deformation North of the April 16, 2016 Mw 7.8 Pedernales, Ecuador Megathrust Earthq…

The north Ecuador subduction zone has a history of experiencing a range of slip modes including megathrust and other fast slip, slow, and aseismic slip. In 1906, a Mw 8.8 megathru…

The Apollo Conundrum: The Moon Clearly Had a Magma Ocean. Did Earth?

When Apollo returned the first moonrocks, a major surprise was that the lunar highlands are built of a single mineral - feldspar. Feldspar crystals floating to the top of a moon-m…

The Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm on Commercial and Recreational Fishermen

This study investigates how marine resource users are impacted by the offshore Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF). In the summer and fall of 2017, we conducted semi-structured intervie…

The Impact of Large Cities on the Structure and Intensity of Deep Convective Storms

Although previous studies have shown that large cities can modify the regional distribution of convective precipitation, many questions remain regarding the physical processes mos…

Extension of Achankovil shear zone, Southern Granulite Terrain, South India in to Madagascar

The Achankovil Shear Zone (AKSZ) is a NW-SE trending ductile shear zone passing through the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) has remained enigmatic among scientific community for …

Bed geometry controls timing and magnitude of sea-level rise from Greenland's outlet glaciers

The projected contribution to sea-level rise from the Greenland Ice Sheet currently has a large spread in literature, ranging from about 14 to 255 mm by the year 2100. Part of thi…

Salinity Tolerance in Cyanobacteria: evaluating assumptions in ancestral state reconstructions

Oxygen first arose in Earth’s atmosphere 2.3 billion years ago, but geochemical evidence suggests that small pockets of oxygen may have arisen earlier than the atmospheric rise in…

Subsurface Geometry of the San Andreas Fault in Southern and Central California: A Summary

Seismic, potential-field, and earthquake data have been collected and modeled across the San Andreas fault (SAF) in a number of locations in southern and central California. In mo…

Landsat’s History: The story behind nearly a half-century of monitoring the Earth’s surface with Landsat

Spanning a period of more than 15 years, the Landsat Legacy Project Team researched, complied and published, in late 2017, Landsat's Enduring Legacy that describes the myriad of f…

Collision-Induced Absorption of CH$_{4}$-CO$_{2}$ and H$_{2}$-CO$_{2}$ Complexes and Their Effect on the Ancient Martia…

Experimental measurements of collision-induced absorption (CIA) cross-sections for CO2-H2 and CO2-CH4 complexes were performed using Fourier transform spectroscopy over a spectral…

Time Dependent 2.5D Model of the Chromosphere

The Sun’s chromosphere is a highly dynamic, partially ionized region where spicules (hot jets of plasma) form. Here we present a two-fluid MHD model to study the chromosphere, whi…

Multiscale Persistence in Rainfall and Streamflow: Role of Rainfall and Catchment Characteristics

Hydrologic persistence is a unique property that explains the temporal clustering of extreme events such as floods and droughts. It influences the inter-arrival times of these ext…

Using the Augmented Reality Sandbox to Improve Topographic Map Skill

Topographic maps represent a three-dimensional (3D) surface using a system of symbols in two-dimensions (2D). To facilitate students’ understanding of topographic maps, the Augmen…

Choosing a Maximum Drift Rate: Astrophysical Considerations

A radio transmitter which is accelerating with a non-zero radial component with respect to a receiver will produce a signal that appears to change in frequency over time. This eff…

The Role of Science in Documentary Production: Chasing Coral

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth and provide significant ecological, economic, and societal benefits valued at approximately $9.8 trillion U.S. dollars …

Global-Scale Multidecadal Variability Missing in State-of-the-Art Climate Models

Reliability of future global warming projections depends on how well climate models reproduce the observed climate change over the twentieth century. In this regard, deviations of…

Detection of a core rigidity zone beneath eastern Mexico: Constraints from ScP waveform modeling

Seismograms recorded at an array of 10 closely spaced seismometers in the western United States are stacked about the ScP phase and display a complex set of phase arrivals in addi…

What Cause the Common-Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields: Case Study for Taiwan in Relation to Atmospheric Mas…

We analyze forty-seven best-quality, ten-year-long daily Global Positioning System (GPS) position time series of Taiwan, to understand the origin of the GPS’s common-mode error (C…

Slide Sentinel: Designing Remote Sensor Systems to Estimate Landslide Potential in Oregon Landscapes

A system capable of reliably detecting catastrophic landslides and centimeter movement in land mass could save lives and offers landowners valuable information about gradual chang…

Structural Controls on Postseismic Deformation Following the Mw 7.8 Pedernales, Ecuador Megathrust Earthquake: Insights…

The north Ecuador subduction zone exhibits segmentation and clustering of seismicity through megathrust, interseismic, and aftershock seismicity. In 1906, a Mw 8.8 megathrust even…

Intensification of the Atlantic Water supply to the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait induced by Arctic sea ice decline

Substantial changes have occurred in the Arctic Ocean in the last decades. Not only sea ice has retreated significantly, but also the ocean at mid-depth showed a warming tendency.…

Estimation of aerosol radiative effects on the terrestrial gross primary productivity in China

China experienced heavy aerosol pollution in recent years. The aerosol pollution might change surface solar radiation and impact the land carbon cycle in China. Therefore, we comb…

Analysis of the Jack Rabbit II Sonic Anemometer Dataset to Inform Boundary Layer Adjustments in Atmospheric Dispersion …

Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) releases pose significant environmental and human exposure risks, especially in urban areas with high population densities. T…

Absolute Radiometric Calibration of the VIIRS DNB HGS with the Ground Based Automated Accurate Active Light Source (AAL…

The high sensitivity of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer (VIIRS) Day Night Band (DNB) high gain stage (HGS) cannot directly use on-board calibration sources such as solar d…

Investigating the Feasibility of Water Market in Water Reallocation by Virtual Gaming Simulation during Drought Periods…

Under the impact of global warming and climate change, the frequency of extreme precipitation and drought events have been increasing. In Taiwan, the government usually guides agr…

On the Fall velocity of a Hydrometeor in a Turbulent flow

Understanding the falling velocity of cloud droplets and ice crystals in a nonuniform flow is fundamental to cloud physics and precipitation. In this study, the mean settling velo…

Coupling evidence from lower atmosphere to mesosphere and ionosphere through quasi 27-day oscillation

Using meteor radar, radiosonde and digisonde observations and MERRA-2 reanalysis data from 12 August to 31 October 2006, we report a dynamical coupling from the tropical lower atm…

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