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COSMOS soil moisture sensors provide meso-scale area-averaged soil moisture estimates, presenting a unique opportunity for validating remotely sensed soil moisture data from satel…

River flow to the Arctic Ocean plays a significant role in the oceanic freshwater budget accounting for about 2/3 of the total freshwater flux to the Arctic Ocean. Ocean salinity …

Open water evaporation from reservoirs and lakes is becoming increasingly important for water management under a changing climate and increasing demands from growing populations. …

Lava domes form by the effusive eruption of viscous lava and are inherently unstable and prone to collapse. Dome collapses can generate pyroclastic flows and trigger explosive eru…

The release of freshwater into the North Atlantic by glacial Lake Agassiz towards the end of the last glacial period is hypothesized to have triggered the Younger Dryas (Y.D.) col…

Recently, Fisher et al. (2016) found that tree-mycorrhizal associations can be detected remotely using spaceborne multi-spectral measurements of canopy spectral and phenological s…

Current ozone (O3) concentration levels entail significant damages in crop yields around the world. The reaction of the emitted precursors (mostly methane and nitrogen oxides) wit…

The Great Lakes create complex meteorological conditions that influence air quality throughout the region. Lake-breeze circulation, lake-induced low level jets, shoreline boundary…

Volcanic aerosols over south east Asia have always been the trigger and sustaining cause of ENSO events. In recent decades this natural plume has been augmented by the anthropogen…

Capturing watershed-scale runoff response remains difficult, in part because of heterogeneous land surface characteristics in mountainous regions. This challenge has impacted our …

The Last Millennium Ensemble, Large Ensemble, MERRA-2, four satellite data sets and the Global Volcanism Program database all show independently that drought in south eastern Aust…

Climate change and disruptions to disturbance regimes contribute to uncertainty about the best ways to manage forests and promote individual tree health. Indicators of tree health…

The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) is the sole science instrument on NASA’s ICESat-2 mission. It was designed to measure elevation simultaneously along six tr…

Importance sampling is modified via {\it homotopy continuation} to improve the efficiency and success of the sampler. The homotopy will use a known distribution as a starting empi…

Mountain snow is a fundamental freshwater supply in the arid regions. Climate warming alters the timing of snowmelt and shortens the snow cover duration, which profoundly influenc…

Simultaneous measurements of cloud electric field and raindrop size at the surface have been analysed to investigate an anticipated relation between the two cloud parameters. A si…

Damage zones are important to the rupture dynamics, evolution and fluid coupling of earthquakes. However, information about the damage zone at depth is limited. It is unclear if d…

Ideally, the response of the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) instrument on the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite–2 (ICESat-2) observatory to returns fro…

It is important to perform the quantitative interpretation of the continental margin lithosphere for a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of its tectonic behavior. In t…

The Australian seasonal snowpack can be classified as a marginal maritime snowpack with a temperature near 0 °C throughout the snow season. Subtle changes in atmosphere – snow ene…

In connection to drought, the southwestern United States is experiencing an increase in blowing dust, an increase in incidence of valley fever, an increase in visibility-related t…

While not specifically designed as a planetary mission, NASA’s Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission uses a series of Venus gravity assists (VGAs) in order to reduce its perihelion dis…

The high computational cost of large-scale, process-based hydrological simulations can be approached using variable resolution meshes, where only the region around significant top…

In this study, the authors explore simple concepts of persistence in streamflow forecasting based on the real-time streamflow observations. The authors use 15-minute streamflow ob…

Improved monitoring of inundation area variations in lakes and reservoirs is crucial for assessing surface water resources in a growing population and a changing climate. Although…

Remote sensing observations are our primary method of studying planetary surfaces, and in the inner solar system, in situ exploration quickly provided ground truth to these remote…

Persistent dry and wet spells can arise from stationary weather situations or recurrent flow patterns and result in significant socio-economic impacts. Here, we study the effects …

Northern high latitudes are projected to get warmer and wetter in the future which will affect rates of permafrost thaw and the mechanisms by which thaw occurs. To better understa…

This year marks the centennial of the American Geophysical Union advancing Earth and space science and 89 years of hydrologic science. The last 100 years have seen science and tec…

Climate variability and change in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is influenced by the southern annual mode (SAM) and is closely related to changes in the kinematic properties of the…

A submesoscale-permitting global ocean model is used to study the upper ocean turbulence. Submesoscale processes peak in winter and, consequently, geostrophic kinetic energy (KE) …

The process of primary migration, which controls the transfer of hydrocarbons from source to reservoir rocks, necessitates the existence of fluid pathways in formations with inher…

Miocene-Pliocene strata in the Pacific Northwest preserve a rich record of landscape evolution and coincident faunal shifts. Considerable research efforts in the past century have…

Monsoon onset over the South China Sea occurs in April--May, marking the start of the wet season over East Asia. Nevertheless, skillful prediction of onset timing remains an open …

In the northern Hikurangi margin, aseismic slip events known as slow slip events (SSEs) occur approximately every 18-24 months with a long duration (weeks to months), and have bee…

Generation Z (Gen-Z) is composed of those born in the late 1990’s or after. The first cohorts of Gen-Z students gradually started to enter colleges after 2013. Gen-Z students are …

In the United States, federal policies exist to ensure environmental justice and to protect Indigenous rights. However, the effectiveness of these policies can be influenced by an…

Observations of the solar wind ion-charge states suggested that the origin of solar wind is associated with nanoflare-like impulsive events. It has been suggested by Che and Golds…

Location can be described and used to spatially integrate and enable data in a number of different ways. In 2018, the Location Index (LOC-I) project was initiated to bring togethe…

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that has a strong absorption in the 4.2– 4.3 micrometers region of the infrared spectrum. Consequently, non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectrosc…

The warm rain process is an important part of shallow cumulus convection and can influence both cloud microphysics and cloud radiative effects. Model studies suggest that as shall…

The hydrologic cycle is a complex and dynamic system of interacting processes. Hydrologists seeking to understand and predict these systems develop models of varying complexity, a…

Why is plane-bed topography unstable under certain flow conditions? We investigate the grain-scale mechanisms responsible for topographic instability at the onset of bedform devel…

Any catalogue describing objects will contain metadata: such systems are built to improve findability (F) and accessibility (A). However, a content rich metadata framework, carefu…

Hydrologic-Land Surface Models (H-LSMs) have been progressively developed to a stage where they represent the dominant hydrological processes for a variety of hydrological regimes…

The motivation and objective of the EarthScope Transportable Array (TA) is to record earthquake signals and image the structure of the North American plate, however the observatio…

Gravity currents frequently occur when excess suspended sediments are flushed along a river and discharged into greater natural water environments such as lakes, reservoirs, and e…

The MMS spacecraft routinely observe electron “microinjections” at energies in the 10s-100s keV range across the nightside magnetosphere at distances <20 Re. Microinjections are t…

Jovian moist convection has been the study of both observational and modelling attempts for several decades. In the Pioneer and Voyager era, plumes of volatiles were observed to e…

The insular Caribbean is a region influenced by Atlantic Ocean climate variability. Effects of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns on the precipitation of the Caribbean…