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Sub-kilometer processes are critical to the physics of aerosol-cloud interaction but have been dependent on parameterizations in global model simulations. We thus report the stren…

Seasonal prediction is one important element in a seamless prediction chain between weather forecast and climate projections. After several years of common development in collabor…

Infiltration processes in fractured-porous media remain a crucial, yet not very well understood component of recharge and vulnerability assessment. Under partially-saturated condi…

Whereas scientific explanations have expanded our understanding of nature, they are often inappropriate for communicating the relevance of science to a lay audience. The arts aver…

Operational ocean and wave models are used to produce forecasts for navigation but also required for a wide range of services, most of them relying on particle tracking methods. I…

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) seasonal phase-locking behaviors simulated in 36 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models are evaluated for the first time …

The controlled-source electromagnetic method (CSEM) has been widely used for geophysical surveys, such as controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT) for mineral ex…

Observations and simulations have shown a coastally trapped current along the Australia North West Shelf, the Holloway Current. Using output from an ocean general circulation mode…

The Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act (PROSWIFT) passed the United States Senate in July 2020 and the House of Representative on September 16; it directs NOAA to capture …

The understanding of earthquake physics is hindered by the poor knowledge of fault strength and temperature evolution during seismic slip. Experiments reproducing seismic velocity…

Dissolved oxygen (DO) sustains aquatic life and is an essential water quality measure. Our capabilities of forecasting DO levels, however, remain elusive. Unlike the increasingly …

Significant changes are found in the modeled phase partitioning of Arctic mixed-phase clouds in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmos…

Seasonal cycle is the largest source of variability for sea surface salinity (SSS) and has a significant influence on the upper-ocean stratification and water-mass formation. The …

Machine-learning algorithms have shown promise for streamflow forecasts, reservoir operations, and scheduling, but have exhibited lower accuracy in predicting extended time horizo…

Exposed sections of accretionary orogens allow reconstruction of their tectonic evolution. Most commonly, orogens are characterised by two-dimensional shortening perpendicular to …

We develop a new approach based on the variance of noise cross-correlation to characterize the noise source and wave propagation under the influence of a non-diffuse noise field. …

Although lightning discharge is not the only source or only physical phenomenon that affects the Schumann resonances, they have the highest contribution to the Schumann resonances…

Recent previous research has established the “sharpest gradient” approach to defining the circumpolar vortex and has identified correlations of the area and circularity of the Nor…

The viscosity of the mantle affects every aspect of the thermal and compositional evolution of Earth's interior. Radial variations in viscosity can affect the sinking of slabs, th…

We investigate the directivity of three well-recorded repeating sequences of earthquakes (M2-3, 2001–2016) on the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield (California) that are well-recorde…

One of the biggest difficulties of defining technosignatures is to think about how to accurately distinguish biosignatures and technosignatures. In order to distinguish them, we n…

A methane gas infilling fault theory is presented to refine and upgrade the conventional earthquake theory of elastic rebound of active geological faults. It adds the infilling of…

We report on three classes of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) from the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) satellite. The first class drives the det…

Recent exceptionally hot droughts in Amazonia have highlighted the potential role of global warming in driving elevated fire risk and forest dieback. The previous generation of gl…

Uncertainty quantification and characterization in changing climate scenarios can have a direct impact on the efforts to mitigate and adapt. Chaotic and non-linear nature of atmos…

The radiation belts of the Earth, filled with energetic electrons, comprise complex and dynamic systems that pose a significant threat to a variety of satellite systems. While var…

Ocean Worlds are strong candidates for the first discovery of extraterrestrial life as they may provide liquid water, energy, and biologically essential elements. These bodies are…

The usage of the term Knowledge Graph (KG) has gained significant popularity since 2012, when Google introduced its own knowledge graph, and how they used it to enhance their sear…

In order to determine particle velocities and electric field in the frame of the magnetic structure, one first needs to determine the velocity of the magnetic structure in the fra…

In a complex reservoir with such a significant degree of heterogeneity, it’s a demand to characterize the reservoir using different seismic attributes based on the available data …

The citizen science app, MyShake, represents a new source of global seismic data that can be provided with much higher density sampling than a traditional seismic network, and at …

A new approach to monitor ocean heat content (OHC) is proposed to overcome challenges with observing OHC over the entire ocean. The output of an ocean state estimate (ECCO) is sam…

The mechanisms which amplify small orbitally driven changes in insolation and drive the glacial-interglacial cycles of the past 2.7 million years are poorly understood. Previous s…

Understanding the physical mechanisms responsible for the cross-scale energy transport and plasma heating from solar wind into the Earth’s magnetosphere is of fundamental importan…

This study examines the large-scale factors that govern global tropical cyclone (TC) formation and an upper bound on the annual number of TCs. Using idealized simulations for an a…

Modern seismotectonic studies are aimed at obtaining a self-consistent explanation of fault zone heterogeneity, the rupture process, recurrence times and rupture mode of large ear…

Craters are the most prevalent basins and potential depo-centers of sediment on Mars. Within these craters and extending from them, terminal dune fields and wind streaks are abund…

The importance of soil moisture is recognized globally because it controls hydrological processes that are relevant to agriculture and climate studies. Currently, estimation of ro…

Terrestrial space weather involves the transfer of energy and momentum from the solar wind into geospace. Despite recently discovered seasonal asymmetries between auroral forms an…

Demand-side management strategies based on customized feedback have proved their worth in supporting water conservation efforts and behavior change programs. Several studies in bo…

The artificial impoundment of water behind dams causes global mean sea level (GMSL) to fall as reservoirs fill, but also generates a local rise in sea level due to the increased m…

Modeling air-sea interactions during cold air outbreaks poses a major challenge because of the vast range of scales and physical processes involved. Using the Polar WRF model, we …

For over 150 years, plans to divert Arctic Ocean-draining rivers southwards in order to relieve an ongoing water supply crisis in central Asia have been discussed. Recent insights…

Disaster risk reduction relies on quantitative estimates of the future impacts and consequences of known hazard threats in order to evaluate proposed mitigation and adaptation mea…

Since the 20th century, global warming has become a major climate change problem, which significantly affects the sustainable development of the world, China holds the unenviable …

Studies on the molecular mechanisms of microbial adaptation in chaotropic and low water activity (aw) environments are poorly understood. Chaotropic environments are characterized…

This paper presents the local correlation method of low-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) and strongly RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) contaminated DOR (differential one-way ranging) …

We discuss an efficient implementation of the analog ensemble algorithm, the distilled analog ensemble, which is achieved by distilling the post-processing transformation generate…

The equivalent source method of Spherical Elementary Current Systems (SECS) has contributed valuable results for spatial magnetic interpolation purposes where no observations are …

Alaska and the Yukon are a challenging area to develop observationally based spatial estimates of meteorology. Complex topography, frozen precipitation undercatch, and extremely s…