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In 2003, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation began designating Potential Environmental Justice Areas (PEJA) for the purpose of providing additional public …

Seismic interferometry is a powerful tool to monitor the seismic velocity change associated with volcanic eruptions. For the monitoring, changes in seismic velocity with environme…

Measurements of in-cloud vertical air motion are key to quantitatively describe cloud dynamics and their role in cloud microphysics. Here, a retrieval technique for estimating the…

We perform 3D simulations of seismic wavefields to clarify effects of strong reductions of shallow velocities on long-period seismic waves. The simulations use a reference communi…

Groundwater discharge to headwater streams and concomitant terrestrial dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) export play a significant role in headwater stream CO2 evasion. However, pr…

Quantifying the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation is the principal component for the assessment of the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle. A better under…

The Earth’s Arctic ice cover has diminished rapidly. NOAA reported last December that 95% of the most-reflective multi-year ice has disappeared over the past 40 years. The effects…

A feature-based metric of the waviness of the wintertime, Northern Hemisphere polar and subtropical jets is developed and applied to three different reanalysis data sets. The anal…

We quantitatively investigated the flow laws of wet quartzite in steady-state dislocation creep regimes by considering both the dependence of the activation enthalpy on pressure a…

To evaluate models as hypotheses, we developed the method of Flux Mapping to construct a hypothesis space based on dominant runoff generating mechanisms. Acceptable model runs, de…

The land surface model of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-LSM), which includes lateral flow, water use, nitrogen discharge and river transport, soil freeze thaw front dynamic…

One of the goals of the InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission is to constrain the interior structure of Mars. We present …

With the increasing quantity and quality of data collected at volcanoes, there is growing potential to incorporate all the data into analyses of the magmatic system. Physics-based…

Coastal vegetated habitats, including mangroves, saltmarshes and seagrasses, mitigate climate change by storing atmospheric carbon. Previous blue carbon research has mainly focuse…

1. Abstract Wave propagation and diffusive transport phenomena could work as evidence of the mechanical discontinuities in material. For the problem of poor efficiency of the exis…

Knowledge of crustal stress fields is essential for understanding tectonics and earthquake generation. One approach for estimating the crustal stress field is based on the focal m…

In a recent study, Samset et al. reported that due to the imprint of natural variability, the effects of emission mitigation will only be perceived through global temperature with…

Poroelastic properties play an essential role in interaction between deformation and fluid pressure change in porous materials. These properties are inherently related to microstr…

Most of the Earth System Models (ESMs) rely on empirical functions for decomposition of litter with multiple soil carbon pools decaying at different rates to estimate R eco variat…

The productivity of terrestrial vegetation is determined by a multitude of drivers between the land surface and atmosphere. Water availability is critical for vegetation productiv…

The novelty of this work is to explore the driving process and key environmental factors governing As mobilization mediated by DFeRB and SRB on the basis of continuous As speciati…

Identifying the observables that warn of volcanic eruptions is a major challenge in natural hazard management. An important, but under-investigated, observable is the release of h…

Dawn storms are among the brightest events in the Jovian aurorae. Up to now, they had only been observed from Earth-based observatories, only showing the Sun-facing side of the pl…

Climate model simulations of rainfall in the tropics suffer from pervasive biases, and that can lead to degraded climate simulations in other regions as well. Over the past two de…

Perfect foresight hydroeconomic optimization models are tools to evaluate impacts of water infrastructure investments and policies considering complex system interlinkages. Howeve…

In the Luangwa basin, long-term total water storage variations were observed with GRACE, but not reproduced by a standard conceptual hydrological model that encapsulates our curre…

We modify the Modified Cam-Clay (MCC) model for large stress ranges encountered in geological applications. The MCC model assumes that the friction angle (ϕ) and the slope of the …

Aerosols are postulated to alter moist convection by increasing cloud droplet number concentration. Cloud-resolving model simulations of radiative-convective equilibrium show that…

Outputs from new state-of-the-art climate models under the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) promise improvement and enhancement of climate change projections…

Earth’s tropical and subtropical rainbands, such as Intertropical Convergence Zones (ITCZs) and monsoons, are complex systems, governed by both large-scale constraints on the atmo…

Evaluating our understanding of smoke from wild and prescribed fires can benefit from downwind measurements that include both inert tracers to test production and transport and re…

Isolating the source of non-tidal oceanographic noise in seafloor pressure data is critical for improving the use of these data for seafloor geodetic applications. Residuals betwe…

While warming temperatures are known to increase atmospheric moisture capacity and heavy precipitation frequency; as yet there is little evidence for corresponding increases in fl…

Observations of active eruptions can provide insights into spatter and scoria cone formation. As Kilauea’s 2018 East Rift eruption developed and the outflow of lava localized at F…

Enzymatically Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) in porous media can be used as an engineering option to achieve targeted precipitation in the pore space, e.g. with the aim to s…

Wildfire indices are used globally to quantify and communicate a wide range of fire characteristics, including fire danger and fire behaviour. Wildfire terminologies, definitions …

Over the last nearly five decades, optical remote sensing has played a key role in monitoring and quantifying global change, plant diversity, and vegetation functioning across Ear…

The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimetry System (ATLAS) is the sole instrument on the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2). Without some method of reducing the tr…

Ensemble predictions of the seasonal snowpack over Grand Mesa, CO were conducted for the hydrologic year 2016-2017 using a multilayer snow hydrology model. Ensembles were generate…

Quantifying the multiscale feedback between hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry is key to reliable modeling of river corridor systems. However, accurate and efficient hydrodynamics …

Shallow nearshore coastal waters provide a wealth of societal, economic and ecosystem services, yet their topographic structure is poorly mapped due to a reliance upon expensive a…

A vital factor influencing shale oil exploration in lacustrine shale reservoirs is oil mobility, which is closely associated with the shale pore structure and fluid properties, es…

In order to assess the sedimentological and stratigraphic history of the Melas Chasma rift basin, Mars, and investigate the possibility of past bodies of water, we have mapped Hes…

It has been documented that significant amounts of tropical precipitation are concentrated in coastal areas, which is especially prominent over the western coast of Sumatra Island…

Clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene are the two major repositories of rare earth elements (REE) in spinel peridotites. Most geochemical studies of REE in mantle samples focus on clino…

The rapidly increasing computing powers allow global atmospheric simulations with aggressively high resolutions, which challenges traditional model design principles. This paper p…

Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) interferograms contain valuable information about the fault systems hidden beneath the surface of the Earth. In a new approach, we…

We investigate the structure and evolution of multiphase ice-ocean interfaces (‘mushy layers’) and the implications for the geophysics and habitability of ice-ocean worlds. Unders…

The aeromagnetic and satellite imagery data of the part of northcentral Nigeria were processed to delineate subsurface structures, produced 2D models of the structures within the …

The ocean plays important roles not only in the global climate system but also in the global material cycling through biogeochemical processes, and has close relationships with th…