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Global water use for food production needs to be reduced to remain within planetary boundaries, yet the financial feasibility of crucial measures to reduce water use is poorly qua…

In every tight formation reservoir, natural fractures play an important role for mass and energy transport and stress distribution. Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) make no excep…

We employ Magnetospheric Multiscale, Geostationary Operational Environmental and Los Alamos National Laboratory satellites, as well as the ground magnetometer networks over Greenl…

Southeastern Tibet is a key region for studying the tectonic evolution of Tibetan Plateau. The region is characterized by distributed faults, localized low-velocity zones (LVZs) i…

Many studies involving surface radiative fluxes rely on surface fluxes retrieved by the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) project, or derived from spaceborne cl…

This paper describes laboratory experiments (using a high-speed wind-wave flume) of the effects of water waves on heat and momentum exchange in the near-water atmospheric boundary…

The inevitable coarse pixels (~25 km) of satellite passive microwave images introduced large uncertainty to the surface melt area estimation on Antarctic ice margins. Our test sho…

The solar corona, the outer atmosphere of the Sun, is heated to millions of degrees. This is several orders of magnitude hotter than the photosphere, the optical surface of the Su…

Understanding sensitive wetlands often requires non-invasive methods to characterize their complex geological structure and hydrogeological parameters. Here, geoelectrical charact…

The east coast of India is prone to tropical cyclones. During pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, almost every year, cyclones are developed over the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Se…

A fully consistent 2D parametric model of waves development under spatially and temporally varying winds is suggested. The 2D model is based on first-principle conservation equati…

The interaction between two complex systems, turbulent flow and multi-sized bed sediment causes considerable fluctuations in sediment transport rates and displays different charac…

Drought forecasts, particularly at seasonal scales, offer great potential for managing climate risk in water resources and agricultural systems. In this context, the importance of…

In austral winter, biological productivity at the Angolan shelf reaches its maximum. The alongshore winds, however, reach their seasonal minimum suggesting that processes other th…

During the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic, convergent plate boundary processes in northeastern Asia shifted from the Paleo-Asian Ocean to Paleo-Pacific Ocean, influencing the tectoni…

In recent years, feedforward neural networks (NNs) have been successfully applied to reconstruct global plasmasphere dynamics in the equatorial plane. These neural network-based m…

Field reversals are some of the most prominent and commonly known temporal variations of the geomagnetic field. Polarity changes have been observed in seafloor magnetisation patte…

Following the radioactive fall out of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, radiocesium (Cs-137) contaminated soils of forests, uplands, rice paddies an…

Geoscientists often spend significant research time identifying, downloading, and refining geospatial data before they can use it for analysis. Exploring interdisciplinary data is…

The paper investigates the applicability of machine learning (ML) to weather prediction by building a reservoir-computing-based, low-resolution, global prediction model. The model…

During 2018-2019, oil was intermittently produced from the Late Jurassic Upper Portland Sandstone in the Weald Basin, southeast England, via the Horse Hill-1 and Brockham-X2Y well…

We demonstrate that an extended eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) scheme can be used as a unified parameterization of subgrid-scale turbulence and convection across a range of dyn…

Eutrophication-induced hypoxia in a coastal estuarine system results in the deterioration of water quality, which is a growing issue worldwide. In early August 2016, an anoxic eve…

During tropical cyclones, meteotsunami waves can be triggered by atmospheric disturbances accompanying tropical cyclone rainbands (TCRs). Due to a paucity of high resolution field…

We use the coincident optical and radio-frequency measurements taken by the FORTE satellite to shed light on common optical signatures recorded by NASA and NOAA lightning imagers …

Ocean bathymetry exerts a strong control on ice sheet-ocean interactions within Antarctic ice-shelf cavities, where it can limit the access of warm, dense water at depth to the un…

The intermontane Tarom Basin of NW Iran (Arabia-Eurasia collision zone) is located at the transition between the Iranian Plateau (IP) to the SW and the Alborz Mountains to the NE.…

Slow earthquakes are generally distributed in regions surrounding seismogenic zones along the plate boundaries of subduction zones. In the Costa Rica subduction zone, large regula…

Numerous objects in the ionosphere, including both satellites and meteors, having rapidly varying light intensity and color have been observed in photographs taken during an activ…

Understanding future land-use related water demand is important for planners and resource managers in identifying potential shortages and crafting mitigation strategies. This is e…

Shipping activities are a major source of air pollution in port cities with the expected high population of port workers and related workforce being chronically exposed to air pol…

Orbit determination of probes orbiting Solar System bodies is currently the main source of our knowledge about their internal structure, inferred from the estimate of their gravit…

Earthquakes happen with frictional sliding, by releasing excess stresses accumulated in the pre-stressed surrounding medium. The geological third body (i.e. fault gouge), originat…

Quantitatively assessing the abundance of the composite minerals of terrestrial granite is crucial for understanding the evolutionary history of the Earth’s crust and for mineral …

Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park is the tallest active geyser on Earth and is believed to have hydrologic connection to Cistern Spring, a hydrothermal pool ~100 m sou…

Trans–ionospheric high frequency (HF) signals experience a strong attenuation following a solar flare, commonly referred to as Short–Wave Fadeout (SWF). Although solar flare-drive…

This research is intended to map potential fires using GIS in forests in Talesh, Gilan Province. Spatial data analysis methods were used for zoning fire risk. First, a digital ele…

Various sources emit greenhouse gases such as CO and CH. Among the natural ecosystems, forests and wetlands emit a sizeable amount of these gases by means of autotrophic, heterotr…

The western U.S. has millions of acres of forestlands at risk of large and uncharacteristically severe wildfire. This is due to a variety of factors, including decades of fire sup…

Large Low Velocity Provinces (LLVPs) are hypothesised to be purely thermal features or possess some chemical heterogeneity, but exactly which remains ambiguous. Regional seismolog…

In the era of overwhelming amounts of data and information being readily available over the web and other media sources it is vitally important to adopt machine-to-machine readabl…

The first global atmospheric model of Ni (WACCM-Ni) has been developed to understand recent observations of the mesospheric Ni layer by ground-based resonance lidars. The three co…

This study is motivated by the observation that after a wave breaking event in the ocean, the residual surface foam left in the wake of the breaker rapidly cools down. The relatio…

The rheological behavior of the lithosphere is examined beneath the Northwestern (NW) Andes (Colombian). Two profiles, one on western and other on eastern of the transition area b…

Quantifying energy dissipation due to wave breaking remains an essential but elusive goal for studying and modeling air-sea fluxes of heat, gas, and momentum. Previous observation…

This paper will report on the effects of an extreme space weather event. On January 20 th , 2005, a balloon-borne experiment intended to measure relativistic electron precipitatio…

Assessing volcanic hazard in regions of distributed volcanism is challenging because of the uncertain location of future vents. A statistical-mechanical strategy to forecast futur…

In recent years India has been increasingly experiencing widespread floods induced by large-scale Extreme Rainfall Events (LEREs). LEREs are mainly associated with monsoon Low-Pre…

Two-dimensional hybrid particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are carried out on a constant L-shell (or drift shell) surface of the dipole magnetic field to investigate the generation…

This chapter describes the two major types of impulsive magnetic energy release on the sun: flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The sections include a brief historical overv…