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Showing 9051 to 9100 of 22070 works
Atmospheric oxygen abundance, marine nutrient availability, and organic carbon fluxes to the seafloor
The global-scale oxygenation of Earth’s surface represents one of the most fundamental chemical transformations in our planet’s history. There is empirical and theoretical evidenc…
Data-driven discovery of governing differential equations for hydrologic systems utilizing stochastic optimization
There has been progress in machine learning (ML) to produce accurate and robust model predictions for hydrologic systems. This progress opens a new opportunity to enhance our fund…
Direct comparison of the tsunami-generated magnetic field with sea level change for the 2009 Samoa and 2010 Chile tsuna…
The tsunami-generated magnetic field is a magnetic field that show up with the moving of tsunami. In the previous studies, researchers claimed that the tsunami-generated magnetic …
Reconstruction of the Holocene hydro-ecological and environmental change of the Nile Delta: insights from organic geoch…
The Holocene hydro-ecological and environmental change of the Nile Delta remains a knowledge gap. The study aimed to approach this objective by using multi-proxies of organic carb…
On the b-value Dependency of Injection-Induced Seismicity on Geomechanical Parameters
Variability in the b -value, which describes the frequency distribution of earthquake magnitudes, is usually attributed to variations in differential stress in the setting of natu…
Geochemical records reveal protracted and differential marine redox change associated with Late Ordovician climate and …
The Ordovician (Hirnantian; 445 Ma) hosts the second most severe mass extinction in Earth history, coinciding with Gondwanan glaciation and a growing body of geochemical evidence …
Model choice impacts the quantification of seasonal hyporheic exchange depths and fluxes
Direction and depths of hyporheic exchange fluxes at the groundwater - surface water interface are drivers of biogeochemical processes influencing nutrient cycling and water quali…
Spatiotemporal patterns in hydrologic connectivity within a semi-arid montane headwater catchment in central Colorado
Climate projections suggest that snowfall-dominated areas will decline substantially in the coming decades. Such climate impacts are already being observed in Colorado where the d…
A Wall-like Sharp Downward Branch of the Walker Circulation above the Western Indian Ocean
In the zonal direction, the downward branch of the Walker circulation above the Indian Ocean is only 20 degrees wide, whereas the Pacific counterpart is 90 degrees wide. This zona…
Local Air-Sea Interactions at Ocean Mesoscale in Western Boundary Currents
We present results from a new, global, high-resolution (~4-km for ocean and ~7-km for atmosphere) realistic earth system simulation. This simulation allows us to examine aspects o…
Controls on water storage and drainage in crevasses on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Surface crevasses on the Greenland Ice Sheet capture nearly half of the seasonal runoff, yet their role in transferring meltwater to the bed has received little attention compared…
Pore-scale Bubble Population Dynamics of CO2-Foam at Reservoir Pressure
The flow of CO2 foam for mobility control in porous media is dictated by the foam texture, or bubble density, which is commonly expressed as the number of bubbles per unit of flow…
Effect of interplanetary magnetic field on hemispheric asymmetry in ionospheric horizontal and field-aligned currents d…
We present a statistical investigation of the effects of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on hemispheric asymmetry in auroral currents. Nearly six years of magnetic field measu…
Genesis locations of the costliest atmospheric rivers impacting the Western United States
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are responsible for the vast majority (approximately 88%) of flood damage in the Western U.S, an annual average of USD$1.1 billion. Here, using historical…
Seasonal tidewater glacier terminus oscillations bias multi-decadal projections of ice mass change
Numerical, process-based simulations of tidewater glacier evolution are necessary to project future sea-level change under various climate scenarios. Previous work has shown that …
Morphodynamic Modeling of River-Dominated Deltas: A Review and Future Perspectives
River deltas are a compelling target for numerical simulation because they contain seemingly organized patterns and shapes at a variety of scales. For instance, most river-dominat…
On synchronous supereruptions
Two recent supereruptions (magnitude (M) scale ≥ 8), the Young Toba Tuff (YTT), Sumatra, and the Los Chocoyos (LCY), Guatemala, are found to be statistically synchronous at ca. 74…
A Kilometer-Scale Coupled Atmosphere-Wave Forecasting System for the European Arctic
Accurately simulating the interactions between the components of a coupled Earth modelling system (atmosphere, sea-ice, and wave) on a kilometer-scale resolution is a new challeng…
Cloud Process Coupling and Time Integration in the E3SM Atmosphere Model
In this study, we find significant sensitivity to the choice of time step for the Energy Exascale Earth System Model's atmospheric component, leading to large decreases in the mag…
Calibration and Validation of the Angstrom-Prescott Model in Solar Radiation Estimation using Optimization Algorithms
The Angstrom-Prescott (A-P) model is widely suggested for estimating solar radiation (R s ) in areas without measured or deficiency of data. The coefficients of this model must be…
Experimental observations and statistical modelling of crack propagation dynamics in limestone by acoustic emission ana…
The timing and location of microcracking events, their propagation and coalescence to form macrocracks, and their development by tension, shearing or mixed modes are little known …
Improved and Interpretable Solar Flare Predictions with Spatial & Topological Features of the Polarity-Inversion-Li…
Many current research efforts undertake the solar flare classification task using the Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) parameters as the predictors. The SHARP paramet…
MAVEN Observations of H- Ions in the Martian Atmosphere
At Mars, charge exchange between solar wind protons and neutral exospheric hydrogen produces energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) that can penetrate into the collisional atmosphere, whe…
Comprehensive evaluations on the error characteristics of the state-of-the-art gridded precipitation products over Jian…
Accurate knowledge of the precipitation estimates with high quality and fine spatiotemporal resolutions is crucial to the precipitation science communities. Reanalysis and satelli…
YORP Effect on Asteroid 162173 Ryugu: Implications for the Dynamical History
Asteroid 162173 (Ryugu) is a carbonaceous asteroid that was visited by Japan’s Hayabusa2 spacecraft in 2018. The formation mechanism of spinning-top shape of Ryugu is an essential…
Wettability-dependent Wave Velocities and Attenuation in Granular Porous Media
Understanding wave propagation in granular sediments is important for subsurface characterization. The presence of fluid and wettability condition result in additional complexitie…
Riehl and Malkus Revisited: The Role of Cloud-Radiative Effects
The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) exports energy and imports moisture in a way that has been well-understood for decades. By analyzing a set of uniform, non-rotating aquap…
Remote Sensing of Tundra Ecosystems using High Spectral Resolution Reflectance: Opportunities and Challenges
Observing the environment in the vast inaccessible regions of Earth through remote sensing platforms provides the tools to measure ecological dynamics. The Arctic tundra biome, on…
Untangling the solar wind and magnetospheric drivers of the radiation belt electrons
Many solar wind parameters correlate with one another, which complicates the causal-effect studies of solar wind driving of the magnetosphere. Conditional mutual information (CMI)…
Are remote sensing evapotranspiration models reliable across South American climates and ecosystems?
Many remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (RSBET) algorithms have been proposed in the past decades and evaluated using flux tower data, mainly over North America and Europe. M…
Low-volatility vapors and new particle formation over the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expediti…
During summer, the Southern Ocean is largely unaffected by anthropogenic emissions, which makes this region an ideal place to investigate marine natural aerosol sources and proces…
Can Dense, Deep Profiles of Soil Water Sensors Determine Change in Storage as Well as a Weighing Lysimeter or Neutron P…
Properly designed, calibrated, and operated weighing lysimeters are recognized as accurate tools for measuring changes of soil water storage (ΔS) in the soil profile contained in …
Assessing Air Quality Co-Benefits and Tradeoffs of Sustainable Climate Solutions
The U.S. and much of the world sit on the cusp of an electrification revolution – a moment driven largely by the need to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases to limit the impac…
Understanding top-of-atmosphere flux bias in the AeroCom Phase III models: a clear-sky perspective
Biases in aerosol optical depths (AOD) and land surface albedos in the AeroCom models are manifested in the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) clear-sky reflected shortwave (SW) fluxes. Bias…
Hemispheric Asymmetries in Poynting Flux Derived from DMSP Spacecraft
We provide high-resolution maps of quasi-static Poynting flux (PF) in each hemisphere based on nine-satellite years of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) data. Conjug…
Assessment of C, N and Si isotopes as tracers of past ocean nutrient and carbon cycling
Biological productivity in the ocean directly influences the partitioning of carbon between the atmosphere and ocean interior. Through this carbon cycle feedback, changing ocean p…
Stable Water Isotope Inputs Across Mountain Landscapes
Stable isotopes of water are important tracers in hydrologic research for understanding water partitioning between vegetation, groundwater, and runoff, but are rarely applied to l…
Controls on spatial and temporal patterns of slope deformation in a paraglacial environment
A comprehensive surface displacement monitoring system installed in the recently deglaciated bedrock slopes of the Aletsch Valley shows systematic reversible motions at the annual…
Modeling radiation belt electrons with information theory informed neural network
An empirical model of radiation belt relativistic electrons (m = 560–875 MeV G –1 and I = 0.088–0.14 R E G 0.5 ) with average energy ~ 1.3 MeV is developed. The model inputs solar…
Quasi-2-day wave in low-latitude atmospheric winds as viewed from the ground and space during January-March, 2020
Horizontal winds from four low-latitude (+/-15o) specular meteor radars (SMRs) and the MIGHTI instrument on the ICON satellite, are combined to investigate quasi-2-day waves (Q2DW…
Spatiotemporal Associations Between Social Vulnerability, Environmental Measurements, and COVID-19 in the Conterminous …
This study introduces the results from fitting a Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal model to COVID-19 cases and deaths at the county-level in the United States for the year 2020…
The key role of production efficiency changes in livestock methane emission mitigation
The livestock sector is the largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions, and is projected to increase in the future with increased demand for livestock products. Here, we co…
Natural history is not at its end -- bridging past and presence of meteorite impacts at the museum using online observa…
The Noerdlinger Ries is regarded as one of the best studied terrestrial impact craters. Because of its accessibility and its excellent preservation this area continues to be a res…
Revisiting the implementation of EVP sea ice dynamics
We propose to make the damping time scale, which governs the decay of pseudo-elastic waves in the Elastic Viscous Plastic (EVP) sea ice solvers, independent of the external time s…
Radar derived Subglacial Properties and Landforms beneath Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica
Basal properties beneath ice streams and glaciers are known to be a control for ice flow dynamics, hence knowledge of them is crucial for predicting sea level due to changes in gl…
New Current Sheet and Magnetic Field Models of the Jovian Magnetosphere for Pre-Galileo, Galileo and Juno Era
In the Jovian magnetosphere, an electric current system within the ‘current sheet’ generates a magnetic field, which is comparable to or dominating the Jovian intrinsic field in t…
Parker Solar Probe observations of solar wind energetic proton beams produced by magnetic reconnection in the near-Sun …
We report observations of reconnection exhausts and associated ion and electron separatrix layers in and around the Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) during PSP Encounters 08 and 0…
True Geopotential in Meteorology
Geopotential in meteorology is the same as gravity potential in geodesy but with the opposite sign. Meteorologists don’t use the true geopotential (Φ) associated with the true gra…
Urban Water Neutrality at City Scale: CityPlan Evaluation and Design Module
Climate emergency and exponential population growth threaten urban water security in cities worldwide. In the UK, London aims to build more than half a million households over the…
Climatology of marine shallow-cloud-top radiative cooling
A one-year’s worth of global (except poleward of 65 º N/S) marine shallow single-layer cloud-top radiative cooling (CTRC) is derived from a radiative transfer model with inputs fr…
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