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Sub-grid topographic heterogeneity has large impacts on surface energy balance and land-atmosphere interactions. However, the impacts of representing sub-grid topographic effects …

We analyzed the scale features of satellite infrared (IR) water vapor (WV) brightness temperature observations of tropical cyclones (TCs). This is to characterize the storm inform…

Magmatic fluids within the crust may exist under supercritical conditions (e.g. >374°C and >22.1 MPa for pure water). Geothermal systems using such supercritical fluids have gaine…

Climate and sediment supply are critical factors for the sediment output of geomorphic systems. It is known that non-linearities between forcing and sediment mobilization may lead…

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance, plays a crucial role in the atmosphere. Anthropogenic emissions from agriculture contribute to a risi…

To evaluate stress distribution of the western India-Eurasia collision zone (IECZ), an iterative joint stress inversion technique has been applied to a declustered catalogue of 32…

This paper aimed to study the variation in the total ozone column amount (TOC) during the life cycle of the tropical cyclone (TC) that occurred over the northwest Indian Ocean in …

The ratio between slow or thermal (<2.2 km/s) and fast (>2.2 km/s) neutrons is known to be a good measure of the amount of water present in a radius of about 300m from the measure…

Dengue virus (DENV) is an endemic disease in the hot and humid low-lands of Colombia. We characterize diverse temporal and spatial patterns of monthly series of dengue incidence i…

Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes exhibit slopes of ionizing radiation associated with bremsstrahlung. Bremsstrahlung has a continuous spectrum of radiation from radio waves to ionizi…

Neutron spectroscopy has become a standard technique for remotely measuring planetary surface compositions from orbital spacecraft around various planets. Measurements have succes…

Barchans are dunes of crescentic shape found on Earth, Mars and other celestial bodies, growing usually on polydisperse granular beds. In this Letter, we investigate experimentall…

Although geologic carbon sequestration projects have yet to induce – or may never induce – a damaging earthquake, experiences from other deep injection industries such as hydrauli…

Episodes of slow uplift and subsidence of the ground, called bradyseism, characterize the recent dynamics of the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy). In the last decades two major brady…

The excess of radiogenic lead (Pb) isotopes in the silicate Earth, which is referred to as “the first terrestrial Pb paradox” has remained a confusion for a long time. A large-sca…

On-going trade wars combined with the increasing consumption and depletion of known resources will necessitate the search for new deposits in poorly explored or unexplored areas, …

An object-based technique was utilized to identify hydrometeor size-sorting signatures at lower levels in the convective regions of 10 mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) during t…

Next to precipitation, secondary water sources emerging from shallow groundwater and lateral redistribution of soil moisture, together with soil properties modulating their access…

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as “forever chemicals”, are manmade chemicals that have been increasingly detected in various geological media since the ear…

(250 words) Micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, and sulfur, play a vital role in both plant and human development. Understanding how plants sense and allocate nutrients within the…

In this work, we develop a data-driven subgrid-scale (SGS) model using a fully convolutional neural network (CNN) for large eddy simulation of forced 2D turbulence. Forced 2D turb…

We explore a metric-learning approach to create representations of sorghum images grown in a field setting. We train a convolutional neural network to embed images so that images …

There is a growing consensus on a need for comparing the cropland with a reference state or native land in a prime soil health state to determine soil health management goals in c…

Shallow glacial aquifers systems are the primary source of drinking water for millions of residents in the upper Midwest and Great Lakes regions of the United States. Studies show…

The study reports that a small gully of sedimentary deposit has spontaneously produced a sequence of debris flow surges in great variety of appearances. The event occurred in a tr…

The Xianshuihe fault in eastern Tibet is one of the most active faults in China, with the next large earthquake most likely to occur along its SE part near Kangding. Quantifying i…

The RBSP and the Arase satellites have different inclinations and sometimes they fly both near the equator and off the equator on the same magnetic field line, simultaneously. Suc…

The Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) is a global lighting detection network that has been operational since 2009. The ENTLN sensors are broadband electric field sens…

We studied seven earthquakes in the southern East African Rift System (EARS) with catalog depths of 10 to 33km, in locations where the Moho is thought to be at ~32 km depth (CRUST…

The Cenomanian-Turonian period recorded one of the largest disruptions to the oxygen and carbon cycles, the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2, 94 Ma). This event is global, yet paleo-r…

The state and evolution of the North Pacific jet (NPJ) stream strongly influences the character of the downstream synoptic-scale flow pattern over North America. This study employ…

In situ measurements of ionospheric and thermospheric temperatures are experimentally challenging because orbiting spacecraft typically travel supersonically with respect to the c…

Time series prediction involves learning existing observation data of a parameter and predicting its future evolution, with applications in many fields. Based on a machine/deep le…

Open data, data that anyone can access, use, and share have found its place in the current research landscape. Yet, there are many waters to navigate for open access data. Reposit…

Terrestrial wetlands are a highly significant carbon reservoir in North America. Forested wetlands, or swamps, are an important category of North American wetland and include bore…

Martian upper atmosphere warming reflects the energy-materials interactions from the lower atmosphere layers. In this paper, we show a new phenomenon that enhances Mars upper atmo…

Effects of permafrost degradation on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) have rarely been analyzed. This study used a revised process-based bi…

The near-Earth plasma sheet becomes cold and dense under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) condition, which suggests efficient solar wind plasma entry into the magneto…

Oxygen fugacity controls the behavior of multivalent elements and compositions of C-O-H fluids in Earth’s mantle, which further affects the cycling of materials between the deep i…

A reasonable representation of orographic anisotropy in earth system models is vital for improving weather and climate modeling. In this study, we implemented the orographic drag …

Future mission carrying seismometer payloads to icy ocean worlds will measure global and local seismicity to determine where the ice shell is seismically active. We use two locati…

Dynamically triggered earthquakes and tremor generate weak seismic signals whose detection, identification, and authentication call for a laborious analysis. Citizen science proje…

Communities across the Southwestern US are increasingly experiencing major disruptions from a changing climate and natural hazards, such as fire, flood, and drought. With this ris…

The South American Monsoon System (SAMS) is the dominant mode of hydroclimatic variability in South America and the associated dynamics have an important influence on atmospheric …

The Crustal Fault Zones provides an interesting geological target for high temperature geothermal energy source in naturally deep-fractured basement areas. Field and laboratory st…

The observed crustal uplift rates in Greenland are caused by the combined response of the solid Earth to both ongoing and past surface mass changes. Existing elastic Earth models …

Old descriptive diaries are important sources of daily weather conditions before modern instrumental measurements became available. A previous study demonstrated the potential of …

We assessed the effect of temperature and tropospheric concentration of Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and Carbon monoxide (CO) before and during the COVID 19 curfew/lockdown period (22…

Uncertainty estimation is an important part of practical hydrogeology. With most of the subsurface unobservable, attempts at system characterization will invariably be incomplete.…

Many rivers systems of the world are super-saturated in dissolved CO2 (pCO2) relative to equilibrium with the atmosphere — why? Here we compare the coupled organic matter and pCO2…