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Source time functions are essential observable quantities in seismology; they have been investigated via kinematic inversion analyses and compiled into databases. Given the numero…

The Shields parameter based on median grain size D50 and bankfull depth is often used to interpret river morphology, but it may not always be a useful index of sediment transport …

Oxia Planum, the landing site for the ExoMars rover mission, is a shallow basin on the southern margin of Chryse Planitia that hosts remnants of sediment fans associated with the …

The São Francisco Craton (SFC) and its marginal Araçuaí and Brasília orogens exhibit a significant diversity in their lithospheric architecture. These orogens were shaped during t…

Increased irrigation due to agricultural intensification has profound impacts on the surface water and energy balance at regional to local scales. Recent updates of the state of t…

Mid-Tropospheric Cyclones (MTCs) are moist synoptic systems with middle tropospheric vorticity maxima and little or no signature in the lower and upper troposphere. Apart from a f…

High frequency (HF) experiments inducing intensification of airglow emissions at 6300 Å; and 5577 Å (red and green lines, respectively) from the two lowest excited states of oxyge…

Although many suggest that future diets should include more plant-based proteins, animal-sourced foods are unlikely to completely disappear from our diet. Grasslands yield a notab…

Very-long-period (VLP) volcano seismicity often represents subsurface magma movement, and thus provides insight into magma system geometry and magma properties. We develop a fully…

Conventionally, radar-based nowcasting methods have been conducted by shifting or extrapolating the most recent estimated precipitation field along the estimated motion field to l…

Drought stress threatens vegetation dynamics across diverse ecosystems. Monitoring how vegetation responds to water stress is vital for ecological conservation. The response of ve…

This article is composed of two independent commentaries about the state of ICON principles (Goldman et al. 2021) in cryosphere science and discussion on the opportunities and cha…

Access to spatio-temporally consistent precipitation data is a key prerequisite for hydrological studies, especially in data-scarce regions. Different global precipitation product…

Since 2004, following prolonged stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events, it has been observed that the stratopause disappeared and reformed at a higher altitude, forming an elev…

Soil water flow and physical quality as influenced by soil water retention curve fitting methods

Squall lines are known to be the consequence of the interaction of low-level shear with cold pools associated with convective downdrafts. Also, as the magnitude of the shear incre…

Iron is a key limiting nutrient for phytoplankton. Continental shelf and slope sediments are important sources of dissolved iron (DFe). Stable iron isotopes (d56Fe) are a particul…

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region is the biggest urbanized megalopolis in North China. The region has one the lowest water resources availability per capita in China a…

Phytoplankton productivity and export sequester climatically significant quantities of atmospheric carbon dioxide as particulate organic carbon through a suite of processes termed…

Humanity is facing an increasing challenge with respect to water scarcity (WS). This issue is driven by climate change, population growth, and socioeconomic growth combined with i…

porousMedia4Foam is a package for solving flow and transport in porous media using OpenFOAM - a popular open-source numerical toolbox. We introduce and highlight the features of a…

Active faulting and Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DGSD) constitute common geological hazards in mountain belts worldwide. In the Italian central Apennines, km-thick…

The spatial separation of macroscopic rheological behaviours has led to independent conceptual treatments of frictional failure, often referred to as brittle, and viscous deformat…

Peatlands store large amounts of carbon (C) and actively exchange greenhouse gases (GHGs) with the atmosphere, thus playing an important role in global C cycle and climate. Large …

High resolution eddy resolving models are shown to be necessary for simulating submesoscale variability of the ocean. Although how these resolved submesoscale features impact the …

The scaling of event sizes is one of the critical parameters controlling seismic hazard and risk. For induced seismicity, the non-stationary, heterogeneous character of subsurface…

We report on observations of corona discharges at the uppermost region of clouds characterized by emissions in a blue band of nitrogen molecules at 337 nm, with little activity in…

The “dolomite problem” is a long-standing puzzle in sedimentology and mineralogy. Previous studies have shown that some dolostones are formed by microbes or in hydrothermal-burial…

The circulation of the stratosphere transports important trace gases, including ozone, and can be thought of as having a fast horizontal mixing component and a slow meridional ove…

Snow and ice albedo reduction due to deposition of absorbing particles (i.e., snow darkening effect (SDE)) warms the Earth system and is largely attributed to black carbon (BC) an…

The existing ENSO indices are defined based on the sea surface temperatue anomalies (SSTAs) in different regions of the equatorial Pacific. Considering that the tropical convectiv…

This paper uses the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) model to analyze the impact of typhoon “Hongxia” on the velocity and position movement of the Kuroshi…

The global carbon budget including fluxes of CO2 between atmosphere, land and ocean, and its atmospheric growth rate show large interannual to decadal variations. Yet, these varia…

The extreme variability of the cold point tropopause temperature (TCPT) and height (HCPT) are examined over a tropical station, Gadanki (13.45N, 79.2E) using high-resolution radio…

Airborne geophysics is widely used in mineral exploration because it provides rapid collection of multiple types of geophysical data over large areas. The availability of multiphy…

Direct radiative forcing is a major impact of atmospheric dust aerosols. Mineral dust is an important aerosol component that interacts with both incoming and outgoing radiation, m…

In the framework of EGS, using hydraulic stimulation increases pore pressure into the existing fracture networks and can be responsible for slip reactivations. In order to predict…

The planetary magnetic fields in the solar system deflect/reflect solar wind at bow shocks in front of their magnetospheres, protecting the planets from direct solar wind bombardm…

Firstly, we re-tune an algorithm based on empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) for globally retrieving the chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a) of phytoplankton functional types (P…

Ocean primary production constitutes approximately half of global biospheric production, affecting both fisheries productivity and biogeochemical cycling. Although climate change …

Ensemble-based data assimilation of radar observations across inner-core regions of tropical cyclones (TCs) in tandem with satellite all-sky infrared radiances across the TC domai…

The 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake is one of the world’s best-recorded ruptures. In the aftermath of this devastating event, it is important to learn from the complete record. …

Due to the significance of waterway depths in river development, the effect of the evolution of bars and troughs on waterway expansion has always been interesting for river manage…

Equatorial Spread F (ESF), a manifestation of nighttime irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere has been linked to Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGW) by different authors. Howeve…

Reconstructing fluid evolution history in old sedimentary basins is extremely challenging due to the prolonged evolution, lack of exact age constraints and absence of preserved fl…

In the present work, the sensitivity of near-surface air temperature and building energy consumption to different rooftop mitigation strategies in the urban environment is evaluat…

Environmental hazards such as wildfire, flood, and drought impact communities throughout Colorado. As climate change ramps up, these environmental hazards are increasing in freque…

Megathrust earthquakes are strongly influenced by the elastic properties of rocks surrounding the fault. However, these properties are often overestimated in numerical simulations…

We investigate the relationship between NO infrared radiation and x-ray radiation at different local time (LT) and latitudes of NO average fluxes. The NO volume emission rates obt…

Land surface temperature(LST) is the key indicators to assess land surface models (LSMs). CLM4.5 has attracted much attention in mainland China. However, there have been few compr…