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The monsoons in Pakistan have been exceptionally harsh in recent decades, resulting in extraordinary drought conditions and record flooding events. The changing frequency of ex…

Low cloud feedback in global warming projections by climate models is characterized by its positive sign, the mechanism of which is not well understood. Here we propose that the p…

This study introduces an ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approach: Nearshore Macroalgae Aquaculture for Carbon Sequestration (N-MACS). By cultivating macroalgae in nearsh…

The incompleteness of earthquake catalogs is a well-known issue caused by our technical limitation in detecting the small- to very small-magnitude seismicity falling near or below…

The Columbia root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne chitwoodi ) is a destructive soil borne pest that can cause serious economic damage to potato tubers within infected, unfumigated fie…

Slab width plays a major role in controlling subduction dynamics and trench motion. However, observations on natural narrow subduction zones do not show any correlation between sl…

Abstract Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) aims to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere by stimulating phytoplankton carbon-fixation and subsequent deep ocean carbon seque…

Considering economic, social, and environmental aspects of contemporary sustainable development, not enough attention has been paid to the environmental aspects in current design …

This is the first forecast of marine circulation and biogeochemistry for the Ascension Island Marine Protected Area (MPA). MPAs are a key management tools used to safeguard ocean …

The interpretation of ERT data requires inversion, which is challenging due to its nonlinear and ill­posed nature. We aim to solve the inverse problem using a machine learning t…

Inflow anomalies at varying temporal scales, seasonally varying storage mandates, and multi-purpose allocation requirements contribute to reservoir operational decisions. The diff…

Upper mantle anisotropy has been mapped beneath continents at high spatial resolution. Beneath the oceans, however, shear wave splitting constraints on upper mantle anisotropy are…

Deterministic earthquake prediction remains elusive, but time-dependent probabilistic seismicity forecasting seems within reach thanks to the development of physics-based models r…

On 30 December 2021, the Marshall Fire devastated the Boulder, Colorado region. The fire initiated in fine fuels in open space just southeast of Boulder and spread rapidly due to …

We use sparse dictionary learning to develop transformations between seismic velocity models of different resolution and spatial extent. Starting with results in the common region…

Hydrological extremes, such as droughts and floods, can trigger a complex web of compound and cascading impacts due to interdependencies between coupled natural and social systems…

The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus has emerged as an alternative to improve the management of the resources used in the food, energy, and water systems. However, there are limited …

Earthâ\euro™s upper mantle rheology controls lithosphere-asthenosphere coupling and thus surface tectonics. Rock deformation experiments and seismic anisotropy measurements indica…

Studies of ocean surface transport often invoke the “Eulerian-mean hypothesis”: that wave-agnostic general circulation models neglecting explicit surface waves effects simulate th…

Seeley and Wordsworth (2021) showed that in small-domain cloud-resolving simulations the pattern of precipitation transforms in extremely hot climates (≥320 K) from quasi-steady t…

Firn on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) buffers meltwater, and has a variable thickness, complicating observations of volume change to mass change. In this study, we use a firn mod…

Despite the important hydrological and ecological implications of the snowpack, its real time monitoring remains challenging. This is particularly relevant in relation to the Snow…

The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Earth’s atmosphere is increasing due to human activities and the resulting effects on the global climate system have initiated sev- er…

During marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs), when cold polar air moves over warmer ocean, a well-recognized cloud pattern develops, with open or closed mesoscale cellular convection …

Decades of seismological observations have highlighted the variability of foreshock occurrence prior to natural earthquakes, making thus difficult to track how earthquakes start. …

Examination of historical simulations from CMIP6 models shows substantial pre-industrial to present-day changes in ocean heat (ΔH), salinity (ΔS), oxygen (ΔO2), dissolved inorgani…

The thickness of the outer ice shell plays an important role in several geodynamical processes at ocean worlds. Here we show that observations of tidally-driven diurnal surface di…

Convection-generated gravity waves (CGWs) transport momentum and energy, and this momentum is a dominant driver of global features of Earth’s atmosphere’s general circulation (e.g…

The lunar ionosphere is a ~100 km thick layer of electrically charged plasma surrounding the moon. Despite knowledge of its existence for decades, the structure and dynamics of th…

This study presents the micro- and macrophysical cloud properties as a function of their surface coupling state with the sea ice during the wintertime of the MOSAiC field experime…

The current system in the Cosmonaut Sea off East Antarctica is subjected to large-scale climate change, which in turn affects the nutrient availability and productivity of the reg…

We study the impacts of a continental slope on instability and mesoscale eddy fluxes in idealized 3-layer numerical model simulations. The simulations are inspired by and mimic th…

In this paper we review basic elements of Frequentist inference, specifically maximum likelihood (ML) and M-estimation to point out a critical flaw of Bayesian methods for hydrolo…

Deep tectonic tremors occur in the Nankai subduction zone, defining a belt-like zone with a width of a few ten km located at depths between 30 and 55 km along upper surface of the…

Aerosols play a key role in polar climate, and are affected by long-range transport from the mid-latitudes, both in the Arctic and Antarctic. This work investigates poleward extre…

The geochemical and ultrastructural properties of thermally altered skeletal carbonate are expected to be compromised to varying degrees by disequilibrium processes between solids…

Aeolian processes on Mars form a distinct class of meter-scale ripples, whose mechanisms of formation are debated. We present a global morphometric survey of bedforms on Mars, add…

Sea salt is the largest source of natural aerosol in the atmosphere by mass. Formed when ocean waves break and bubbles burst, sea salt aerosols (SSA) influence Earth’s climate via…

The structure and evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) under clear-sky fair weather conditions over mountainous terrain is dominated by the diurnal cycle of the surfa…

The use of large ensembles of model simulations is growing due to the need to minimize the influence of internal variability in evaluation of climate models and the detection of c…

Sustainability of China’s numerous cities are threatened by both quantity- and quality-induced water scarcity, which can be measured by the water footprint from a consumption (WFc…

Evidence has been provided that land-cover changes such as deforestation can have an impact on cloudiness and precipitation. However, conflicting results have been obtained at dif…

Nine different ANN models are developed for the Kangsabati reservoir, India with a various sets of input and target variables. A three-layer fully connected feed forward multilaye…

Diapycnal mixing in the ocean interior is largely fueled by internal tides. Mixing schemes that represent the breaking of internal tides are now routinely included in ocean and ea…

This commentary discusses new advances in the predictability of east African rains and highlights the potential for improved early warning systems (EWS), humanitarian relief effor…

Supercooled fogs can have an important radiative impact at the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet, but they are difficult to detect and our understanding of the factors that contr…

A brief history of the gravitational constant G is made and the current value is given. G for the Earth is calculated at perihelion and aphelion, resulting in different values. G …

Extremal dependence describes the strength of correlation between the largest observations of two variables. It is usually measured with symmetric dependence coefficients that do …

Recent observation reveals a stunning fact that coastal tides are experiencing rapid change in the last century in the world. High-accuracy tidal-level data is needed to achieve a…

The amount of snow on Arctic sea ice impacts the ice mass budget. Wind redistribution of snow into open water in leads is hypothesized to cause significant wintertime snow loss. H…