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Showing 7851 to 7900 of 8313 works
Beyond Equilibrium: Kinetic Thresholds and Rheological Feedbacks Create a Potentially Complex 410 in Slab Regions
The seismic expression of Earth’s 410 km discontinuity varies across tectonic settings, from sharp, high-amplitude interfaces to broad transitions—patterns that cannot be explaine…
Improving micro- and macro-Algae Speciation Mapping for Management: A Field-Validated Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 Interco…
In recent years, the health of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) on Florida’s east coast has fluctuated due to recurring harmful algal blooms (HABs). These events typically involve cy…
Global Geometric Structure in Earth Systems: Statistical Tests of High-Symmetry Spherical Grids Against Geophysical Data
We investigate whether large-scale geophysical features on Earth exhibit statistically significant alignment with fixed, high-symmetry spherical point sets. Using a unified comput…
From the ashes of VEI: Decoding explosivity, mass eruption rate and hazards in real time
Ash-producing volcanic eruptions are a major natural hazard. The explosivity of these eruptions has been described for decades by a semi-quantitative “Volcanic Explosivity Index (…
The role of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in modulating U.S. hazardous convective weather
Hazardous convective weather (HCW), severe storms producing tornadoes, hail, or strong winds, poses a significant threat to life and property in the United States (U.S.) east of t…
Investigating the relationship between El Niño Southern Oscillation and cirrus clouds
Cirrus clouds, consisted entirely of ice particles and found at the highest levels of the troposphere, play a critical role in Earth's energy balance. By reflecting incoming sunli…
A Machine Learning Approach for Volcanic Eruption Mass Estimation
math_shortcuts Traditional volcano monitoring relies on dense ground-based instrumentation (e.g., seismology, gravity and deformation), which is available for only a small subset…
Understanding Flash Drought Dynamics with Surface-Root Zone Soil Moisture and Vegetation Impacts
Flash droughts (FD) develop rapidly with severe agricultural and ecological impacts despite their shorter duration in comparison to prolonged droughts. While previous studies have…
Assessing hydrological model representation of irrigation and subsurface flow in a heavily anthropogenic influenced cat…
Evaluating water availability in catchments with widespread anthropogenic influences, such as the Hindon River Basin in India with intensive irrigation, groundwater abstractions, …
Sediment supply enhances bedload transport rate via longer transport distance
The rate at which sediment is transported along a stream channel bed (bedload) varies widely even at a given discharge, complicating prediction. Recent studies suggest that sedime…
The Mobile Mesopause: Responsible Local and Global Drivers
The drivers of the southern summer mesopause are investigated through a series of simulations that for the first time reproduce mesopause jumps using the K\”uhlungsborn Mechanisti…
Bayesian Calibration of a Large-Eddy Resolving Model towards Campaign Measurements with an Ensemble Kalman Smoother
Large-eddy simulations (LES) are commonly employed to study small-scale weather phenomena and to validate coarser models. Like larger-scale weather and climate models, they contai…
Searching for Ariel’s Aliens with the CRISPI (Compositional Regolith and Icy Surface analysis via Particle Impact) Mass…
CRISPI (Compositional Regolith and Icy Surface analysis via Particle Impact) is a proposed ridealong in-situ mass spectrometer (MS) smallsat mission to provide synergistic astrobi…
Tracking Recovery: Temporally-Matched 3D Gaussian Splatting of Ecosystems after Prescribed Burns
Land management and stewardship teams continue to lack the tools to capture 3D spatiotemporal insights of the ecosystems they oversee. For wildfire management at the wildland-urba…
Shear fault formation in granite under high and transient co-seismic strain rates unveiled by ultra-fast X-ray imaging
During an earthquake a dynamic rupture propagates, causing fractures and permanent damage that modify the mechanical properties of the fault and its surroundings. Reciprocally, th…
Mainshock-induced stress changes modulate initial aftershocks on complex branching faults of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthq…
Large earthquakes can activate complex networks of aftershock faults. In such complex fault systems, what controls the spatiotemporal evolution of early aftershocks remains a crit…
How and Why Do Lightning Sferics have Unstructured Wavefronts
This article extends the mathematical model of the complete radiation patterns of the bremsstrahlung process, which involves bremsstrahlung asymmetry and Doppler shift. Firstly, t…
On the Stability and Sensitivity of Climate-Informed Flood Frequency Models
Reliable estimation of design floods under climate change is critical for water resources planning yet remains challenging due to uncertainty in climate-informed statistical model…
Computing Effective Elastic Properties from Microtomographic Images: An Efficient 3D Digital Rock Workflow
Digital rock physics (DRP), using high-resolution 3D microtomographic rock images, is widely employed to predict elastic and transport properties of subsurface formations. Accurat…
Soil Erosion Assessment Under Changing Climate Using CMIP6 GCMs Integrated with SWAT
Soil erosion poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity and water resource sustainability, particularly in monsoon-dominated semi-arid basins. This study estimates so…
Layer-Dependent Diurnal Moist Static Energy Biases in the Unified Forecast System and Their Role in MJO Preconditioning…
not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Accurate simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) requ…
Post-Wildfire Debris Flow Rheology of Mixed Hydrophobicity Sands
Post-wildfire debris flows can have devestating effects on structures and transportation lifelines. Surficial sandy soil layers become hydrophobic during wildfires, and post-wildf…
Mercury's tectonics record a damage zone from the Caloris basin-forming impact
The Caloris basin is the largest of the well-preserved basins on Mercury, which has left a dominant mark in the planet’s geologic record. Previous analysis of orientations of a gl…
Measurements of Nighttime Ionospheric E and F layers Using AM Radio Signals
Commercial AM radio transmissions (0.54 – 1.7 MHz) in the medium-frequency (MF, 0.3 – 3 MHz) band provide a promising yet underexplored resource for ionospheric remote sensing. Bu…
Detection of deleterious variants by protein language models is improved by nucleotide conservation at three evolutiona…
Predicting the effect of genetic variants can boost the efficiency of crop breeding. This calls for developing and applying novel approaches to predict mutation effects on plan…
Watershed Alchemy: Transforming Data into Hydrologic Understanding
Data driven models are emergent tools in the field of hydrology that can enable researchers to leverage the vast quantities of available data to skillfully predict hydrologic resp…
Field Evidence of Frequency-dependent Apparent Body-wave Velocity Transition
Frequency-dependent fluctuations of body-wave traveltimes in heterogeneous media have been extensively documented at global and laboratory scales, yet they have never been systema…
The slip distribution of the 2025 Kamchatka earthquake estimated from dispersive tsunami images observed by SWOT satell…
An Mw 8.8 earthquake on 29 July 2025 generated a tsunami near the Kamchatka Peninsula. The NASA-CNES interferometric SAR satellite Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) produc…
No Free Lunch? Improving LSTM Flood Predictions with Minimal Loss in Overall Skill
Extreme runoff events are among the most impactful hydrologic phenomena, yet remain difficult to predict due to their rarity, the skewed distribution of streamflow, dependence on …
Assessing zooplankton communities' influence on particulate organic carbon concentration
Zooplankton play a key role in setting the particulate organic carbon (POC) distribution in the ocean, but this remains poorly quantified on large scales due to the complexity of …
Diversified cropping system-a promising solution to sustainable development in agriculture
It is in urgent need to achieve sustainable production development in agriculture to curb the global warming trend. Diversified cropping systems provide such a promising solution …
MAGNETOSPHERE OF MARS AT ALMOST RADIAL INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD
[ We have studied the structure of the Martian magnetosphere under conditions of an almost radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Under such conditions, the currents driven b…
Catchment land use is associated with downstream transformation of extractable dissolved organic matter along contrast…
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported from catchments regulates biogeochemical processing along river networks, but links between land use/land cover (LULC) and the composition …
Marine phytoplankton extremes and compound extreme events have the potential to be predicted multiple months in advance
Global marine primary producers, such as phytoplankton, are the base of the marine food web and vary on short timescales, characterized by seasonal blooms. There is growing concer…
Reduced Evapotranspiration and Associated Warming Increase Moisture Convergence but Decrease Precipitation Over Land
Both canonical theory and climate model simulations predict an increase in globally averaged precipitation with warming from radiative forcing. However, terrestrial processes cont…
Prediction efficiency skill scores for event detection
Prediction efficiency is a skill score that compares the data-model metric of mean square error against the variance of the observations (that is, using the average of the observe…
Long-term Trends and Variability in the Arctic Mixed Layer
The Arctic surface mixed layer is an important moderator of heat, salt, and momentum fluxes between the atmosphere and the warmer, more saline that enter the Arctic Ocean from the…
Semiclassical Quantum Corrections to Black Hole Quasi-Normal Modes: Observational Constraints from LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Rin…
We derive and constrain semiclassical quantum corrections to black hole quasi-normal mode (QNM) frequencies arising from the expectation value of the renormalized stressenergy ten…
Carbon Farm: A Board Game for Soil Carbon Education and Outreach
A basic understanding of soil science is essential for addressing global challenges. However, opportunities for introductory soil science education remain limited. In this study, …
Diverging Carbon Dynamics in Engineered Ecosystems: Comparing Greenhouse Gases and DOM in Stormwater and Natural Ponds
Urban stormwater ponds (SWPs) are increasingly recognized as critical hotspots for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, driven by high external inputs and elevated internal produc…
Integrating InSAR-Derived Land Subsidence With Groundwater Trends Across Utah
Land subsidence has been occurring in the Western U.S. since the early 1900s. In southwestern Utah, evidence for land subsidence and earth fissures related to excessive groundwate…
A satellite-based estimate of the contribution of filamentary structures to lateral carbon transport in the Pacific an…
Cross-shelf interactions and the associated lateral transport of organic carbon remain poorly quantified and constrained by observations, despite their potential importance for …
Understanding tropical cyclone frequency biases in a global storm resolving model
Global storm resolving models (GSRMs) provide an excellent testbed for understanding the role of small-scale processes in tropical cyclogenesis. In this study, we assess tropical …
Prescribed Fire Smoke Monitoring: Failure-Case Simulation for Sensor Placement Decision-Making
Monitoring smoke from prescribed fires offers critical insights to stakeholders—from fire practitioners evaluating burn tactics to community leaders seeking to protect sensitive p…
How does climate influence evaporation suppression efficiency in shallow water reservoirs covered with floating element…
Small water reservoirs play a vital role in supplying local water demands, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, these reservoirs are highly vulnerable to evaporation…
Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy of the Cape Fear region, central US Atlantic margin
The central US Atlantic margin is a classic passive margin modified by post-rift sedimentary responses to eustatic sea-level change, Appalachian uplift, and large, recurrent subma…
CESM2/CARMA Cloud and CARMA Aerosol Model Descriptions
The Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) is a sectional microphysical model widely used to understand the formation of aerosols and clouds. This paper is …
Potential for predicting the Loop Current from Pressure-Sensing Inverted Echo Sounders (PIES) in Yucatan Channel
The Loop Current is the dominant circulation feature in the Gulf of Mexico, with peak velocities exceeding 1.5 m/s in the core and in associated mesoscale eddies. Its location var…
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