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Understanding how forest canopy phenology shapes water fluxes is critical for predicting forest hydrological responses under shifting climatic regimes. We quantified difference…

Scientific conferences are essential for knowledge exchange but often suffer from limited engagement, accessibility challenges, and passive content delivery, whether in traditio…

Attributing deforestation to key natural and anthropogenic drivers is critical for aiding reliable, transparent, and effective forest loss mitigation and management strategies. In…

Machine learning models have been used with success to produce accurate river discharge forecasts at multiple lead times. However, almost no research has been done to show if they…

Urban surface temperature modeling is essential for understanding the spatial variability of heat in built environments, especially as cities face rising temperatures due to clima…

Biomass burning emissions in Southeast Asia (SE Asia) remain highly uncertain due to limited ground data and persistent model-observation discrepancies. A major source of uncertai…

Whether multidecadal sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the Atlantic and Pacific basins originates internally or is externally forced has long been debated. Here, we app…

Process-based evaluation of Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) in European climate models is complicated by a critical challenge: the conflation of self-sustaining, propagat- ing c…

Future projections of oxygen and water mass age change in the upper Pacific Ocean show a consistent pattern: strong deoxygenation and increased age in the well-ventilated subtropi…

Floods are among the costliest natural hazards, demanding scalable models to simulate river and floodplain dynamics at a global scale. The Catchment-based Macro-scale Floodplain (…

Turbidites have been widely studied as indicators of the occurrences and magnitudes of paleo-tsunamis and paleo-earthquakes. Inversion to estimate flow conditions from turbidites …

The feasibility of storing supercritical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in deep saline aquifers can be predicted via numerical simulation.  The predicted behavior of injected CO 2 depe…

Agriculture is the second-largest anthropogenic source of methane (CH4) in the United States, after oil and natural gas production. Regions like northeastern Colorado are home to …

Starting in November 2023, the Houthi militia occupying northern Yemen has attacked ships passing through the Bab al-Mandab Strait, a chokepoint on the route between Europe and As…

Thermohaline staircase layers have been consistently observed in the Arctic Ocean for over 50 years. Previous studies demonstrate that these structures exhibit large-scale spatial…

FLASH: An AI Chatbot for Real-Time Flash Flood Risk Detection and Information Dissemination Flash floods are among the most destructive and unpredictable natural disasters, posing…

Soil and tree moisture content strongly influence eco-hydrological processes, dictating carbon and nutrient pathways. As such, effective methods for imaging its spatial distributi…

Droughts and floods are commonly studied independently of one another, largely overlooking their possible co-occurrence and interdependencies. This may lead to significant risk un…

Mirror-like Surfaces (MSs) are ultra-polished surfaces frequently found in exhumed seismogenic fault zones in carbonates. They form under a wide range of pressure-temperature cond…

General circulation models (GCMs) exhibit systemic precipitation biases over much of South America during its wet season (December to March), undermining their utility in projecti…

Observations of pyroclast and hydroclast production during subaqueous volcanism at depths >1 km have become common in the literature, despite early predictions that such activity …

One of the most important meteorological parameters is the vertical air motion. Accurate measurement is only possible using the vertical profiling radars. This paper presents the …

Seasonal increases in subglacial discharge profoundly impact ocean-driven melting of the Petermann Ice Shelf, yet the influence of discharge magnitude and emergence location on me…

Loess–paleosol sequences represent key continental archives for reconstructing past atmospheric circulation and evaluating paleoclimate models. In southern South America (SSA), th…

Climate change is projected to increase storm-surge intensity while reducing frequency, posing complex challenges for the recovery of coastal aquifers subject to recurrent wave ov…

Water inrush is a critical geological hazard compromising safe coal mining, particularly in areas with complex hydrogeological conditions. The Namdok Coalmine, situated in a mount…

Understanding the basal geometry and thickness of a landslide is crucial for slope stability and risk assessment, design of mitigative measures, and the study of landscape evoluti…

We performed a comprehensive analysis of Mercury’s Low-Latitude Boundary Layer (LLBL) using magnetic field and ion data from the MESSENGER spacecraft. A total of 202 LLBL events w…

Post-tropical cyclones (PTCs) induce significant hazards in the mid-latitudes, yet are often misrepresented in storm hazard models. This study introduces a new statistical model…

Phytoplankton habitat can be separated vertically into two distinct layers in stratified waters. These two layers present distinct ecological niches and nutrient regimes that gove…

This study defines a six-level framework of AI-agent autonomy for hydrologic modeling and develops a Level-4 agent that autonomously configures simulations, analyzes results, and …

With global warming, permafrost landscapes are rapidly changing, including shifts in hydrology, vegetation, thaw, and carbon pathways; the thaw rate and depth determine whether st…

Much attention has been given to claims of sub-Moho earthquakes in the continental mantle. How many of these earthquakes are truly below the Moho has been questioned based on unce…

Rapid and high-impact journal publications are pivotal for career advancement in the current 'publish or perish' academic climate. In geosciences, such publications often follow c…

Total water levels during tropical cyclones (TCs) are triggered by multiple synergistic drivers that nonlinearly interact in space and time, namely, astronomical tides, storm surg…

Low-frequency (LF) components are critical for resolving deep structures and mitigating cycle skipping in full-waveform inversion (FWI). However, seismic surveys often lack suffic…

This research assesses the vertical resilience of tidal marshes along the U.S. Atlantic Coast using records from Surface Elevation Tables (SET) and Marker Horizons (MH), collected…

Coupled groundwater flow with solute and heat transport in coastal aquifers affects water, solute and energy exchanges between freshwater and saltwater systems. Of particular inte…

Clouds are critical to Earth’s climate system, but simulations in climate models remain highly uncertain. The cloud model, MG2, in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2/CAM6) se…

Large earthquakes can disrupt river systems and produce abrupt, unforeseen changes in flood risk. Forward modelling of earthquake-related surface deformation and its influence on …

Clustering of severe European winter windstorms causes large economic loss and social-environmental impacts. We present a detailed analysis of the intra-seasonal variability of cl…

We propose a model of energy transport in which discrete energy quanta move on complex networks to investigate the dynamics of earthquakes and their aftershocks. In the model, we …

Evaporation-driven salt transport and precipitation in porous media involve complex pore-scale processes, where capillary-driven water flow plays a key role in sustaining evaporat…

The Arctic boreal region is shifting rapidly in response to global climate change including rapid warming and permafrost thaw. Year-round monitoring of carbon fluxes in these regi…

Deep learning has transformed Earth Observation research, but the scarcity and uneven distribution of labeled data remain fundamental bottlenecks. Geospatial foundation models cir…

Fluid injection for developing an Enhanced Geothermal System was conducted in Basel, Switzerland, in December 2006, and thousands of induced microearthquakes were observed. Our st…

This article extends on the mathematical model of the complete radiation patterns of bremsstrahlung process involving bremsstrahlung asymmetry and Doppler shift. Firstly, mathemat…

Flushing time is widely used as a bulk metric to characterize hydrodynamic renewal in estuaries and coastal systems, most commonly estimated using salinity-based freshwater-fra…