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Accurate, real-time detection of signals from earthquake precursory processes is crucial not only for understanding earthquake physics but also for short-term forecasting. A recen…

Slow-slip events (SSEs) release tectonic stress aseismically along subduction interfaces at shallow (<20 km) and deep (30-60 km) depths. Here, we explore nonlinear relationship…

Cooling fractures found within impact melt deposits have been manually mapped within several craters on the Moon and Mercury, as their distribution can indicate which heat-loss pr…

The Alpine-Himalayan belt is one of Earth's most dynamic and complex regions, characterized by intense tectonic deformation and seismicity. Comprehensive analyses of continental-s…

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are a growing concern in freshwater environments. These blooms can lead to degraded water quality, ecosystem disruptions, and public…

Depletion of non-renewable groundwater drives land surface subsidence across Iran. In south-west Tehran, Sentinel-1 InSAR estimated land subsidence rates reach ~130 mm/yr, resulti…

Over the tropics, a robust statistical relationship between outgoing longwave radiation (R) and precipitation (P) is observed, linked to the cloud-radiative effect (CRE). To quant…

This study analyses laboratory data of beach response to sea-level rise (SLR), isolating shoreline changes driven by passive flooding of the beach and consequent wave-driven proce…

Some climate models exhibit multidecadal-to-centennial variability of the Southern Ocean (SO) associated with open-ocean polynyas and deep convection. We characterize the SO varia…

This study presents a machine learning framework for predicting CO₂ over European urban regions at a spatiotemporal resolution of 0.02° and daily frequency, using satellite-based …

This work presents a high-resolution earthquake catalog for the Kefalonia region, Greece, built from the analysis of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data recorded on a telecomm…

Exchange processes at the seabed interface have a non-negligible impact on biogeochemical processes of the sea. Acknowledging this impact on the input of nutrients from the seabed…

Monitoring dust storms from space provides important information for assessing their impacts on air quality, the climate, and Earth-atmosphere system processes. This study present…

Understanding the spatio-temporal variations in the physical properties of the Earth's crust is crucial for comprehending the dynamic processes linked to earthquakes. Conventional…

Polarimetric slope sensing (PSS) is a powerful tool for remote measurement of the spatiotemporal characteristics of short surface waves. However, two key shortcomings have negativ…

Nowadays Mars presents an environment characterized by low atmospheric pressure (~6 mbar), which profoundly alters water-driven surface processes known from Earth. The behavior of…

A key uncertainty in climate science lies in reconstructing global temperatures from sparse proxy data. Here, we apply an emergent constraint framework that combines statistical r…

Observations show a bimodal frequency distribution in total column vapour (TCV) over tropical oceans, with convective rainfall predominantly produced on the moist side of the freq…

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) produce more than half of tropical rainfall and are central to the global hydrologic cycle. As the climate warms, environments favorable for MC…

The United States plays a pivotal role in global corn production, necessitating accurate yield estimation at the field scale to support effective and timely field management. T…

The filling process of large hydropower reservoirs is an often-overlooked process that can attract most of the attention and criticisms of a dam’s lifetime. Understanding what dro…

Laboratory experiments and theoretical models suggest that earthquakes are preceded by extended nucleation phases, perhaps by slow but accelerating slip. However, such nucleation …

Alfalfa is a highly valuable and widely cultivated perennial forage crop in the United States, playing a crucial role in the food supply chain as a primary feedstock for livestock…

The western Kutch basin of India provides a natural laboratory for investigating hydroxy-sulfate minerals relevant to both Earth and Mars. This study systematically examines jaros…

We present a detailed investigation of Universal Time (UT) variability in the high-latitude topology of the Earth’s magnetosphere, using the Tsyganenko T96 model to trace magnetic…

The Arctic is the fastest-warming region globally. Lake ice is a sentinel indicator of Arctic change, with wide impacts on hydrological regimes, biodiversity, and ecosystem servic…

Two long-duration heat tracer tests have been conducted at the Narashino Site, Japan. A three-dimensional highly parameterized model is inverted with transient head and temperatur…

Graphite formed from sedimentary organic matter under metamorphic conditions plays a key role in crustal carbon cycling and critical mineral development. This study investigates t…

Vertical export of particulate organic carbon (POC) is central to the oceanic carbon cycle, yet the role of physical injection processes and their interannual variability remain p…

Accurate simulation of prescribed fires under various meteorological conditions and ignition patterns is critical for fire managers to develop strategies that reduce the air quali…

Atlantic Water (AW) inflow plays a central role in Arctic Ocean warming and Atlantification, yet its transport into the Amerasian Basin remains poorly constrained. Using four ocea…

Foxtail millet ( Setaria italica L.) is gaining importance as a climate-resilient and nutritionally rich crop in dryland regions of India. Optimum plant population that is determi…

Nearly annually, blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis form along the southwest Florida coast leading to a variety of negative impacts, including respiratory irritation (…

Artificial intelligence (AI) weather models can generate fast and accurate weather forecasts, yet they still struggle to predict regional extremes. Exploring the origins of these …

Ozone (O 3 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the atmospheric boundary layer are air pollutants that pose significant threats to forest health. Rainfall can significantly modulate…

Convection in Earth's liquid outer core is powered by a combination of thermal and compositional buoyancy released at the inner-core boundary (ICB). The interaction between these …

The high northern wetlands are undergoing rapid environmental change, raising questions about how methane fluxes have responded over the past two decades. Trends in biospheric met…

The detection of biosignatures in exoplanet atmospheres through transmission spectroscopy is essential for assessing planetary habitability, yet traditional atmospheric retrieval …

Detecting and characterizing lava tubes is a key objective of upcoming lunar missions. While evidence for their presence exists, their precise dimensions and depths remain uncerta…

Lake effect snow, which occurs when cold, dry air passes over a relatively warmer lake, is a major weather hazard in upstate New York due to the influence of Lake Erie and Lake …

Heterogeneous porous media saturated with two miscible liquid phases represent a complex system that can be observed in many engineering and natural processes. The transport of pa…

The atomic oxygen greenline dayglow emissions in Earth's upper atmosphere exhibit a distinct dual-peak structure, at altitudes in the range of 100-105 km and 130-145 km. These pea…

Understanding river-aquifer interaction in the hyporheic zone is essential for overall stream ecosystem health and nutrient cycling. In this study, cross-sectional measurements of…