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The recently launched PUNCH (Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere) mission has unprecedented capabilities to image the evolving solar wind from the outer corona into th…

This study presents a methodology for classifying intracloud (IC) and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning, detected by a slow antenna that continuously records electric field, using ma…

The hydroxyl radical (OH) determines the atmospheric lifetime of many pollutants like methane (CH4). This study isolates climate change, air pollution control and CH4 mitigation e…

The extratropical Andes, a hotspot for landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs), are prone to associated extreme precipitation and related hydrological hazards, including floods and l…

• Rotational submarine landslides along the Sea of Japan margin can cause tsunamis over 10 m, posing significant but uncertain hazards. • Landslide area, volume, and frequency fol…

We present results from deploying machine learning models into production for detecting methane leaks in data from imaging spectroscopy satellites. We use and publicly release one…

This study was motivated by the desire of plankton biologists to understand the turbulent environment experienced by a planktonic community at the time biological variables are me…

Monitoring tectonic tremors is crucial for understanding stress release in subduction zones and assessing megathrust earthquake risk. The Hyuga-nada region, located at the western…

Global agriculture practices face serious challenges from declining agricultural soil quality and shifting climatic patterns, which show the need to effectively monitor cropping p…

Accelerated weathering of alkaline minerals in seawater, commonly known as ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), is a promising approach for marine CO₂ removal. Estuaries are esp…

Measurements with the Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer (HPCA) instruments of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission yield the highest time resolution energetic and composition…

The role of fluid in intermediate-depth seismicity has been intensely debated with proposed mechanisms ranging from those requiring the presence of significant amounts of fluid (d…

We investigate the use of a novel two-spacecraft Liouville-mapping method using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission to determine local magnetic-field-aligned (parallel…

The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) onboard the Galileo spacecraft observed pronounced depletions of energetic protons during the I27 flyby of Io, providing a diagnostic of neut…

The standing meanders of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current are key sites of mixing and meridional transport in the Southern Ocean, but their long-term variability and trends remai…

Hydrological whiplash refers to rapid transitions between low flows (referred to here as droughts) and floods, typically occurring at sub-seasonal timescales. This phenomenon has …

Type III radiation is one of the best-known phenomena in the radio frequency range of the Sun. It was undisputed from the outset that this radiation is associated with the appeara…

We present a field-theoretic framework for modeling electromagnetic energy propagation in heterogeneous media by introducing the concept of electromagnetic geodesics. Unlike tradi…

Citizen science involves the public in scientific research, often through data collection and analysis using digital tools. It helps democratize science and increase the volume of…

Aims. We analyzed the ultraviolet observations of Ganymede recorded by the Juno spacecraft on June 7 th 2021, which observed the aurora at high spatial resolution, in order to det…

Future declines in anthropogenic aerosols will reduce fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations; however, meteorological feedbacks alter dust emissions, offsetting or amplify…

From 29 July to 1 August 2023, an exceptionally heavy rainstorm flooded North China fueled by the stalled remnant vortex of Typhoon Doksuri (2305). This study investigated the rea…

The surface energy budget of the Arctic Ocean governs sea ice growth and melt. Correctly representing it in models is a prerequisite for understanding and projecting Arctic cli…

Nitrate (NO 3 - ) contamination in groundwater represents a critical environmental challenge due to its persistence in the nitrogen cycle. While nitrate sources and transformation…

Small agricultural reservoirs play a critical role in meeting irrigation and livestock water needs during dry spells. However, systematic mapping of these reservoirs and estimatin…

Metamorphic soles consist of metamorphosed oceanic crustal and pelagic sedimentary rocks that structurally underlie the mantle section of supra-subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolites. B…

Accurate predictions for wind and particle dispersion must be obtained quickly to inform emergency response to atmospheric releases of hazardous material in urban areas. In this s…

Climate change is altering crop phenology, temperature regimes, and water availability, posing challenges for effective agricultural water management. We focus on corn (VT-R1), so…

Drought is a complex natural hazard that affects ecological and human systems, often resulting in substantial environmental and economic losses. Recent increases in drought severi…

Climate change is a public health emergency and the biggest global health threat in the 21st century. This fellowship was strategically developed to expand the expertise on the in…

Underground hydrogen storage in porous formations (UHSP) provides a large-scale and long-term solution to balance the seasonal supply-demand mismatch of renewable energy. Assessin…

Large chlorophyll blooms spanning hundreds of square kilometers and persisting for weeks-months, have been repeatedly observed in satellite records of ocean color in the North Pac…

Two catastrophic rainfall events struck Henan Province, China, on 20 July 2021 and 18 September 2024, producing record-breaking 24-hour precipitation totals of 624.1 mm in Zhengzh…

This study investigates the occurrence of convective self-aggregation (CSA) in cloud-resolving model simulations and introduces a dimensionless parameter, the Vapor-Buoyancy Scale…

In climate models, an accurate representation of the planetary boundary layer height (BLH) is critical, as it is a key input to turbulence parameterizations and directly impacts t…

The Local Air Emissions Tracking Atlas (LOCAETA) is a tool to quantify and understand the co-benefits of industrial decarbonization. It includes data harmonization, emissions scen…

The turbulent energy cascade of ocean mixing remains poorly understood because of the wide separation of scales at high Reynolds numbers (Re). Here we propose a new conceptual mod…

The Arctic Ocean plays a significant role in amplifying regional climate warming, with ocean heat transport (OHT) and vertical mixing influencing surface temperature and sea-ice e…

State-of-the-art Earth system models project 21st-century winter precipitation trends of varying sign over western North America. We quantify the influence of internal variability…

The ocean beneath ice shelves plays a critical role in their evolution and resilience. Despite this, direct observations of circulation within ice shelf cavities remain scarce. He…

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is a globally vital ecological security barrier and highly climate-sensitive region, where vegetation dynamics serve as key indicators of climate…

Accurate and interpretable soil moisture drought forecasting is essential for hydrological management, where processes are shaped by spatial connectivity and seasonal variability …

The internal structure of the Moon is key for understanding its formation, evolution, and bulk composition. In particular, determining the structure of the crust-mantle interface …