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While NASA’s Application Readiness Level (ARL) framework effectively tracks the technical maturity of Earth observation systems, it does not capture their broader societal impact …

Hydric soils on the Tibetan Plateau present nonmonotonic retention curves due to sphagnum content and clay aggregation. We tested unimodal and bimodal parameterizations of the Pet…

Developed by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) to support research in atmospheric science and remote sensing, KAUSTSat represented Saudi Arabia’s (and…

Accurate 3D reconstruction of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is essential for understanding their propagation and improving space weather forecasts. In this study, we present a pro…

To evaluate root-zone soil water monitoring capability, CRNS stations were deployed across alpine meadow and shrubland on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The hectometer-scale footpri…

Droplet collision-coalescence is a crucial yet poorly understood process in cloud physics. A proposed future convective-cloud chamber aims to investigate this key process, but the…

This study presents the detection and characterization of co-volcanic ionospheric disturbances (CVIDs) associated with Mt.Etna’s large-scale lava fountain (Italy). Leveraging a de…

Climate change is projected to increase storm-surge intensity while reducing frequency, posing complex challenges for the recovery of coastal aquifers subject to recurrent wave ov…

Wildfires alter local atmospheric conditions, yet the spatial extent and frequency-dependent characteristics of fire-induced inflow perturbations remain largely unquantified. This…

The proposal for a formal inclusion of the Anthropocene as a new unit of the Geologic Time Scale (GTS) was rejected in part on the grounds that it would sit uncomfortably in the G…

The societal benefits of agrivoltaics are well supported, with ample empirical evidence for their suitability for collocated energy generation, crop cultivation, and water savings…

Climate change is expected to intensify water stress even in historically overall water-abundant countries like Germany, where expanding irrigation depicts an effective adaptation…

The Indian Ocean (IO) basin is often identified as the primary location for the initiation of Madden Julian Oscillations (MJO). This study investigates the diversity of MJO initia…

In arid landscapes, wind drives slow, persistent sediment transport year after year, while rare floods can reshape the landscape in a matter of hours. Recent record-breaking rainf…

Recent machine learning models have shown great success for weather prediction tasks, suggesting that atmospheric dynamics can in principle be learned from data. However, such app…

This study introduces a federated reinforcement learning framework for few-shot learning (FRL-FSL), aiming to address the dual challenges of data scarcity and privacy preservation…

Earth’s rotation responds to perturbations from the atmosphere, oceans, core, hydrosphere, and geotectonic processes, while conservation of angu- lar momentum (CAM) provides the p…

Eighty-five geomagnetic storms were simulated with the SWMF Geospace model using two different ionospheric conductance models. One set used the legacy conductances within the Ridl…

The microtopography of Arctic tundra and the associated soil moisture gradient influence the net ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). We aimed …

Compound extremes are of concern for ocean health, such as when ocean acidification extremes (OAX) and marine heat waves (MHW) co-occur. These compound events (OAX∩MHW) may amplif…

This study presents a statistical survey of long-pulse incoherent scatter radar observations of the F-region ionosphere from the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter North (RISR-N) sta…

We investigate the possible outcomes of a subaqueous barchan moving over a crater-like depression in the bed. For that, we carried out experiments where we varied the dune size, c…

Forecasting flood inundation requires accurate flood discharges, topography, and a means to map discharge to water level. In the continental United States, the National Water Mode…

Quasi-stationary Rossby waves modulate persistent (lasting days to weeks) atmospheric ridges and troughs, and can lead to extreme weather events, particularly in the midlatitude…

This article uses a formula for Action, the path that minimizes energy, which can be written in the Lagrangian form as $ \int (T-V) dt$, which has a solution of a whole number mul…

Real-time, spatially dense networks of sensors measuring CO 2 concentrations hold great promise for obtaining fine-grained attribution of the location, sectors, and trends of CO 2…

Nuclear war has the potential to cause global catastrophe, as soot from widespread fires blocks sunlight, triggers abrupt cooling, and collapses agriculture. This study examines t…

The present study aims to determine the potential impact of recent past, present-day and future climate conditions-along with silvicultural interventions-on the 'intrinsic Water U…

Associated with a warming global climate, wildfire area and severity are expected to increase across the western North America. Extreme rainfall events are expected to intensify a…

This study evaluates the latest Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG V07B) against its predecessor V06B, for studying mes…

Whitecapping is the dominant, but poorly understood, mechanism of ocean wave energy dissipation. The amount of wave energy lost due to whitecapping can only be estimated indirectl…

While previous studies have examined the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and it’s interactions during individual heat waves, a consistent assessment of the PBL behavior across mult…

We present a robust method for estimating the auroral Joule heating in the northern hemisphere by combining SuperMAG, SuperDARN and AMPERE data products. This method is applied to…

Saturn’s moon Titan presents as one of the most compelling planetary bodies for exploration due to its dense and replenishing atmosphere, stable surface liquids, and potential for…

Extreme weather events present growing challenges as climate changes. “Weather Jiu Jitsu” is a proposal to nudge atmospheric circulation to redirect or defuse these extreme events…

Earth’s relief is approximately self-affine, meaning a zoom-in on a small region looks statistically similar to a large region upon a suitable rescaling. Fractional Brownian surfa…

Characterising the inner structure of a volcano is critical for volcano monitoring. Typically, the output models employ a static view of the subsurface, although the experiments c…

DL-based earthquake detection can detect substantially more induced microseismic events than conventional detection methods, revealing finer-scale patterns of hydraulic fracturing…

Deep tropical oceanic convection (TOC) is a key component of the tropical atmosphere, with environmental moisture and vertical wind shear influencing its structure and intensity. …

Precipitation clustering is the process of making homogeneous precipitation groups that exhibit similar spatiotemporal patterns. The most widely used feature-based clustering tech…

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) trigger plasma density irregularities that degrade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) performance, particularly during geomagnetic storms. T…

Global modeling of the hydroxyl radical (OH) remains a significant challenge, pushing chemistry-climate models to rely on idealized scenarios with methane (CH4) concentrations rat…

In 2024, the global mean surface temperature rose above 1.5°C for the first sustained year, coinciding with a record atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) growth rate of 3.2 ppm. Satel…

Accurate predictions of streamflow are needed to manage water resources, evaluate flooding risks, and support agriculture and industry. Traditional approaches rely on single model…