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Radiative forcing by carbon dioxide depends on the difference between surface and stratospheric temperature scaled by the logarithm of its concentration (Wilson and Gea-Banacloc…

Tropical storms pose a significant risk to coastal populations, including those throughout the Caribbean and along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America. The impact of cli…

During the observation campaign of January 2023 from South Africa, 9 Transient Luminous Events (TLE) were recorded by monochrome TV camera and 6-axis electric and magnetic field s…

The success of numerical weather prediction depends on accurate atmospheric initialization, but at subseasonal lead times, land and ocean initial states become increasingly import…

This study addresses electromagnetic interference (EMI) challenges in ultra-thin foldable smartphones under high-frequency communication conditions by proposing a systematic PCB E…

Black Carbon (BC) is a critical component of fine particulate matter, contributing to both adverse health effects and atmospheric radiative forcing. In semi-urban highway envi…

Permafrost impacts Arctic hydrological systems, ecosystem dynamics, and infrastructure stability, yet its fine-scale response to ongoing climate warming remains poorly constrained…

Wildfire smoke is an escalating public health threat in the United States, with disproportionate impacts on Spanish-speaking communities who often face language barriers to lifesa…

The Arctic Weather Satellite (AWS) from the European Space Agency (ESA) is a small satellite launched in August 2024 carrying a microwave radiometer for atmospheric sounding. AWS …

Using a locked, pre-specified estimator on global ground magnetometer data, we detect a coherent modulation phase-locked to Jupiter's System III rotation. Across 10 independent da…

Successive large seismic sequences near Hualien City, eastern Taiwan, offer rich insights into earthquake clustering behaviour. Here, we study the latest of these, the Mw 7.4 and …

Landslide runout is a critical factor in risk assessment, and runout distance is the most widely used indicator of mobility. Runout distance is determined both by the landslide’s …

Magmatic Plumbing System (MPS) in sedimentary basins comprises a complex of interconnected intrusive features that lead to volcano formation, though its 3D distribution and dynami…

• Tracking objects on or near Earth's surface requires models defining fiducial points of an Earth-fixed terrestrial reference frame. • As fiducial point numbers increase, it beco…

Persistent systematic errors in Earth system models (ESMs) arise from difficulties in representing the full diversity of subgrid, multiscale atmospheric convection and turbulence.…

HadGEM3-GC3.1-LL exhibits strong positive shortwave cloud feedbacks in the subtropical stratocumulus/trade cumulus transition regions, which contribute to its high climate sensiti…

Machine learning models are a relatively new system for automation of data monitoring and are now being considered for the typically time intensive task of evaluating seismic data…

Floods remain among the most frequent and deadly natural disasters globally. Climate change and anthropogenic alterations to Earth systems are intensifying storm events, potential…

Increasing basal meltwater from Antarctic ice shelves may impact the Southern Ocean properties that feed back on the rate of melting. We investigate this feedback in a high emissi…

This study investigates the impact of high-latitude ionospheric irregularities on global positioning system (GPS) position accuracy during the 10–11 May 2024 geomagnetic storm. …

Sandy tropical soils are highly susceptible to degradation due to weak aggregation and low carbon retention, yet subsurface carbon dynamics remain poorly understood. We evaluated …

Birnessite, a layered manganese oxide, shows strong oxidation ability in many environmental reactions, but the electronic cause of this behavior is still unclear. This study exami…

Microseismic monitoring plays a pivotal role in characterizing subsurface dynamics and assessing induced seismicity risks in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). This study presents…

The Brahmani River Basin, spanning from the Chhotanagpur Plateau to the Bay of Bengal, is shaped by a dynamic interplay of lithology, hydrology, and human intervention. This study…

Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) are produced during thunderstorms, but the measurable nature of their cause-effect relationship remains unclear. Recent studies connect t…

• We use E3SMv2.1 to simulate Antarctic ice-shelf basal melting in a coupled model through the end of the 21st century. • Through the 21st century, we see a near doubling of Antar…

Seasonal streamflow prediction in snowmelt-driven basins is critical for hydrological applications, yet many regions lack sufficient ground-based observations to support tradition…

The Sagaing Fault (SF) accommodates major plate motion in Myanmar, yet large earthquakes along it have rarely been captured by modern geodetic and seismic observations. The 2025 S…

At tidewater glaciers, the ocean supplies heat for submarine ice melt and the glacier supplies freshwater that impacts ocean circulation. Models that employ buoyant plume theory a…

The dynamic equilibrium of a river basin can be modified by both natural as well as anthropogenic factors. Brahmani River Basin, bounded by the Mahanadi Rift and Chotanagpur plate…

Turbulent flows over horizontally homogeneous rough surfaces are categorized as rough-wall boundary layer flows. At the same time, flows over homogeneous vegetated canopies are be…

Groundwater depletion in northern India, particularly in the intensively cultivated alluvial aquifers of the Indian Ganga Basin (IGB), poses a growing threat to agricultural susta…

Fluid flow in low-permeability caprocks is largely controlled by fractures. However, these fractures are often oversimplified as planar structures. Furthermore, existing studies p…

Aitken mode aerosol particles play an important role influencing cloud properties and sustenance, acting as a reservoir of potential cloud condensation nuclei against precipitatio…

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is critical for marine microbial growth by providing carbon and nitrogen. Although DON is rapidly cycled, some compounds within this pool can pe…

The geophysical evolution and astrobiological potential of ocean worlds are indelibly linked to the chemical compositions of their oceans and ice shells. In the absence of direct …

The stratosphere is an important component of the atmosphere, and its interactions with the troposphere have significant impacts on human activities and Earth system variability. …

Satellite (QuikSCAT and ASCAT) and buoy winds measurements at TAO mooring sites generally agree, with 80\% of vector-wind comparisons falling within $\pm 2~\mathrm{m/s}$ and $\pm …

We present a model for the evolution of melt ponds on sea ice, written as a dynamical system on a network. The model divides a floe into catchments acting as nodes, which fill wit…

Sulawesi and Borneo are tectonically complex islands with multistage subduction histories stretching back through the Cenozoic. Seismic studies have played an important role in he…

The structure of Jupiter’s magnetosphere reflects the combined effects of a strong intrinsic field and an extended hinged current sheet whose morphology varies with solar wind for…

With ongoing anthropogenic warming, the Arctic is increasingly dominated by thin, first-year ice. Understanding the ice-ocean-atmosphere interactions in warmer climates is therefo…

On May 28, 2025, a massive rock-ice avalanche struck near Blatten (Lötschental Valley, Switzerland), triggering seismic waves equivalent to a magnitude 3.1 earthquake. While the 3…

We present a novel, data-driven approach to predict systematic model errors in the ocean component of a coupled general circulation model leveraging deep learning and data assimil…

Estimating biogenic CO₂ fluxes is essential for quantifying urban anthropogenic emissions, yet urban vegetation heterogeneity presents a significant challenge to making accurate…

Submesoscale (1-10 km) vertical velocities at fronts enhance the exchange of particulate organic carbon (POC) and heat between the surface ocean and depth. While POC and temperatu…

Most hydrological models suffer from numerical deficiencies that can compromise their physical realism and computational efficiency. Common issues include non-conservation of mass…

Wildfires are complex events that are challenging to model. Researchers and land managers often rely on fire indices as a proxy of fire risk in operational forecasts and future pr…

Applying biosolids as a soil amendment for crop production is a common practice, raising concerns about the introduction of PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) into soils a…

Climate change poses increasing risks to infrastructure through intensified thermal stress. Traditional metrics like 2-meter air temperature (T) may underestimate heat stress on i…