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High-spatiotemporal resolution air quality modeling is essential for air quality impact assessments and decision-making for prescribed burns. Accurate representation of the hetero…

The devastating 2022 summer flood in Pakistan displaced about 7 million people in the Sindh province alone. Up to one-third of the country’s area, mostly the country’s south, was …

Monitoring surface water in reservoirs is crucial for water resource management, especially in semi-arid regions. The SWOT mission offers global surface water extent and height da…

The diurnal cycle is one of the predominant components of rainfall variability, yet accurately representing its timing and intensity remains challenging for general circulation mo…

Accurate 3D reconstruction of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is essential for understanding their propagation and improving space weather forecasts. In this study, we present a pro…

Predicting crop yield accurately is crucial for agricultural management. Traditional methods often rely on predefined vegetation indices derived from remote sensing data, which ma…

Accurately determining the position of the upper-tropospheric jets on synoptic scales is key to understanding climate variability and regional weather patterns. However, the conve…

Systematic underestimation of hydraulic conductivity in medium moisture ranges (θ = 0.15-0.30 cm³•cm⁻³) was addressed by incorporating film flow dynamics into the PDI framework. L…

We present a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding the co-evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and dark matter (DM) distributions in massive elliptical ga…

We present the results of a study on the seasonal variability in the contribution of different freshwater sources to the formation of the surface desalinated layer (SDL) of the Ka…

We introduce a novel Bayesian method to construct local paleosecular variation (PSV) curves. By modeling the geomagnetic field as a Gaussian process, global models can be incorpor…

Predicting litter decomposition remains a central challenge in biogeochemical modeling. Traditional models of litter decomposition lack the chemical resolution necessary to captur…

The rapid growth of space activities is raising unprecedented sustainability concerns that now extend far beyond space debris to include impacts on the Earth system and on astrono…

Hydric soils on the Tibetan Plateau play a critical role in regulating alpine ecohydrological processes, yet their hydraulic properties across the complete moisture spectrum remai…

The upper-level jet stream exhibits a robust increase in strength and shear under climate change. Previous work also noted a fast-get-faster response and connected it diagnostical…

The response of Earth materials to stress acts as a first-order control on solid-Earth dynamics ranging from earthquakes to volcanic eruptions to landslides. Thus, understanding t…

We use a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model to investigate turbulent flow over a meridionally sloping bottom. We show that energetic, mid-latitude western boundary currents and lar…

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission offers novel global water surface elevation (WSE) and discharge estimates, providing new opportunities for river me…

Polyester microfibers are one of the most abundant microplastics in marine ecosystems, yet their observed near-surface concentrations are inconsistent with expectations based on t…

The rapid rise of data-driven weather forecasting has prompted increasing interest in how such models perform relative to traditional numerical weather prediction systems. While r…

Conventional climate analyses rely on mean temperature trends to assess climate change impacts, yet this aggregation can obscure asymmetric shifts in the temperature distribution …

This study presents a new physical-biogeochemical simulation of the Pacific Ocean that resolves mesoscale dynamics and explicitly includes tidal forcing. The primary objective is …

Many golf course superintendents rely on plant growth regulators (PGRs) as a primary means of managing Poa annua in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), particularly the …

Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has been widely deployed to overcome the mismatch between point-scale sensors and remote sensing. We conducted calibration experiments at three C…

Accurate prediction of permeability in porous media is essential for modeling subsurface flow. While pure data-driven models offer computational efficiency, they often lack genera…

We consider the two-layer QG model with linear bottom friction and, possibly, background planetary 𝛽. We derive two-layer QG energy budgets in wavenumber space for eddy available …

Breeding has significantly improved grain yields in winter wheat. Yield improvements were mainly associated with changes in biomass partitioning and canopy architecture. While man…

For over a decade, NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) has produced a unique and unexpected data product. Serendipitously, the two missions, OCO-2 and OCO-3, have the ability…

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the temporal and spatial compatibility of geomagnetic data collected from Malagasy magnetic repeat stations over the period 1983 to…

Flash drought has garnered major attention due to its devastating impact on both agricultural and ecological systems impacting production and income for producers, due to its rapi…

Cloud microphysics, the collection of processes that govern the small-scale formation, evolution, and interactions of liquid droplets and ice crystals in clouds and precipitation,…

Assessing dam-break flood hazards is essential for improving emergency preparedness and protecting downstream areas in case of dam failure. Traditional deterministic methods often…

Preferential flow in soil causes the rapid transport of water, nutrients, and contaminants into the subsurface, influencing groundwater recharge and streamflow. Data scarcity has …

The Loop Current (LC) and its associated eddies, known as Loop Current Eddies (LCEs), are key oceanic features in the Gulf of Mexico. Analysis of 29 years of satellite altimeter d…

The resilience of water systems to future hydrology depends on reliable projections of hydrological change. Process-based and, more recently, machine learning-based hydrological m…

Overshooting tops (OT) are domed protrusions of deep convective updrafts that extend past the anvil of a cumulonimbus. Recent work has shown that certain characteristics of an OT …

Traditional focal-mechanism determination primarily relies on fitting the first-motion polarities with grid-search algorithms. We develop a machine-learning based focal-mechanism-…

Advances in natural-language processing and large language models (LLMs) are transforming how geoscientists interact with complex datasets, enabling efficient and intuitive sci…

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Earth’s seismic background wavefield is dominated by two distinct processes that couple ocean wave energy to the global microseism wavefield. We examine the period-dependent tempo…

As seen in recent geophysically-monitored events, magma ascending through the earth's crust via dyking often takes tilted or horizontal pathways. Along these routes, magma may eit…

The Bay of Bengal is highly vulnerable to tropical cyclone (TC)-driven coastal flooding, posing significant risks to critical infrastructure and densely populated coastal communit…

As sea ice retreats in a warming climate, the Arctic Ocean is becoming more energetic; yet little is known about this additional energy’s distribution in the water column. We use …

Traditional watershed-scale sediment budgets sum sediment sources such as bank erosion (BE) and headwater tributary inputs (HI) and subtract sediment sinks (floodplain deposition,…

Soil piping is the process by which subsurface water creates and enlarges channels, or "pipes," within soil, enabling rapid and preferential flow beneath the surface. The collapse…

Precipitation of energetic particles from magnetosphere to atmosphere is an important subject in the magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (MIT) coupling. The first hybrid meeting…