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The amount and spatial distribution of surface displacement that occurs during an earthquake are critical information to the understanding of the earthquake source and rupture pro…

The changes in the meridional circulation in MY28 owing to the global dust storm (GDS) event are quantitatively investigated using a reanalysis dataset. During the GDS, a horn-lik…

Antarctic coastal polynyas are ice-free areas forming in sea ice-covered regions, primarily driven by strong katabatic winds that push sea ice offshore. These polynyas enable ocea…

Midlatitude storms transport warm and moist air poleward and upward, releasing latent heat. Latent heating is thus organised by the circulation but then modifies temperature gradi…

Organic carbon burial plays a fundamental role in the Earth's long term carbon cycle, control of atmospheric CO 2 , and the oxygenation of the Earth's surface environment. Organic…

backend=biber, style=alphabetic, sorting=ynt ]biblatex Meandering landscape originates from the bend instability, exhibiting wide adaptbility to hydrological regimes, geological…

High latitude, shallow marine environments are suggested to serve as refugia for organisms during times of rapid environmental change associated with hyperthermals. To understand …

Human culture-based festival activities can significantly alter emission patterns, often leading to sharp yet understudied fluctuations in air quality. The Chinese Spring Festival…

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite can simultaneously observe river height, width, and slope with high spatio-temporal coverage and resolution (Biancamaria et…

An accurate understanding of the Earth’s ring current dynamics is integral to predicting the impacts of geomagnetic storms. We use physics-based models to simulate the ring curren…

Deep-crustal magma plumbing at arc volcanoes controls the volume, frequency, and composition of magma being transported to and stored in the upper crust. However, the mid-to-lower…

Compound extremes of temperature and acidity that extend over substantial fractions of the water column can be particularly damaging to marine organisms, as they experience not on…

Quantifying horizontal spatial variability in high-resolution simulated convective environments is key to improving parametrizations for coarser models, accurately comparing model…

Seismic-while-drilling (SWD) provides a cost-effective solution to sense the subsurface by utilizing the drill-bit noise as a seismic source. However, extracting useful informatio…

The 2024 tropical cyclone season in the North Atlantic Ocean was moderately above normal, with 18 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes. However, dynamical seasonal …

断层带的温泉提供了对流体的重要见解 环流、断层活动和地震前兆。在地震 活跃的中央天山山脉 （CTM），我们分析 17 个温泉 （2017-2023） 揭示水文地球化学与 区域构造。主量和微量元素、氢和氧 同位素、Sr 同位素、SiO2 和气体数据揭示了流星补给 （海拔 1.3-4.1 公里），以 Na-Cl 为主的蒸发岩成分 溶出和深层流体贡献（储层温度：…

A fluvial system and its response to allogenic controlled factors, such as sea level changes, tectonism, and climate variations is crucial for sediment transport system in the con…

Ocean island basalts (OIB) offer valuable constraints on mass exchange between the mantle and crust. While OIB geochemistry is often explored using two-dimensional plots, multivar…

We analyze 2011-2022 trends in wintertime fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its composition in South Korea. PM2.5 concentrations decreased nationwide by 1.2 µg m-3 a-1 after cor…

We provide trend estimates for total, stratospheric, and tropospheric ozone columns over Reunion (21.1° S, 55.5° E) from 1998 to 2021, using only Système d’Analyse par Observation…

Reconstructing the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a key mode of atmospheric variability, is crucial for understanding past climate variability and improving future climate pred…

Tides are a critical source of energy and influence transport in the ocean, with potential implications for biogeochemical cycling and biological production. Here, we quantify the…

Vertical mixing is a leading mechanism for penetration of various scalars across isopycnals. Mesoscale eddies can modulate vertical mixing and diapycnal fluxes. The fine-structure…

Global Storm-Resolving Models (GSRMs) are becoming increasingly vital for advancing climate modeling and improving the prediction of extreme weather events. Houston, a coastal reg…

Precipitable water vapor (PWV) plays an important role in weather and climate, as it is closely linked to the atmospheric water cycle. Accurate PWV measurements based on radiosond…

Organic aerosol (OA) is an important constituent of the Earth’s atmosphere, yet the extent of its destruction by photolysis remains an active research question. Recent laboratory …

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) atmospheric water cycle (TPAWC), involving moisture sources, transport, and sinks with the TP precipitation and evaporation, faces unclear changes under g…

Volatility is a critical factor in agri-commodity derivative trading, especially as the contract maturity date approaches. This study explores how volatility affects future price …

Climate-intensified precipitation currently poses an increasing threat to urban metro systems, necessitating a thorough understanding of existing infrastructure's capacity to mana…

In the Anthropocene, humans are altering the natural water cycle to extents never before seen. Anthropogenic alterations may directly alter the water cycle (e.g., dams, irrigation…

Genomic selection extends traditional marker‐assisted selection by using thousands of markers distributed across the genome to capture a larger proportion of the genetic variance …

It is well known that geothermal heat flow influences the dynamics of ice sheets. Especially small-scale variations may lead to strong effects but are not resolvable in most avail…

Asteroid (16) Psyche is a metal-rich body that might record an ancient coherent magnetization if some relict crust or mantle is preserved. Herein, we use magnetohydrodynamic simul…

The ionospheric phase advance can be a significant nuisance, causing bias in InSAR measurements. Although methods have been developed to mitigate this effect, they are not always …

The discovery of rounded, river-transported clasts near an alluvial fan on Mars by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover provided the first ground-based evidence for s…

The Dauki Fault System is a major thrust at the northern rim of the Bengal Basin. The mechanism of faulting and how strain is accumulated and distributed along the system still ne…

While Arkansas is the top producer of rice in the United States, field-scaled CO2 flux measurements are limited in this area. Thus, a holistic understanding of the carbon dynamics…

Among the most remote places on Earth, the Hawaiian Islands rely heavily on local water resources. Therefore, a deep understanding of rainfall variability is critical to ensure th…

Compounding climate extremes jeopardize ecosystems, agriculture, and public health, with intensification evident under a warming climate and growing human interventions. The glo…

The Seismometer to Investigate Ice and Ocean Structure (SIIOS) is a NASA funded analog mission program to test flight-candidate instrumentation on icy-ocean world analog sites. In…

Hydropower utilities face increasing threats from climate change, with recent drought-induced generation shortfalls pushing global carbon emissions to record highs. While streamfl…

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a Weather Research and Forecasting model convective-permitting model (WRF CPM) in tracking mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and their …

Reconstruction of the magnetospheric magnetic field using swarms of synthetic probes provided by data mining confirms seminal in-situ evidence (Angelopoulos et al., 2008) that on …

Ocean sediments may provide adequate long-term storage for carbon dioxide removal (CDR), with the abyssal ocean providing extra sequestration. The transit of carbon from seafloor …

We present the long-term trends of the stratosphere polar vortex (SPV) using the Modern Era Retrospective Research analysis for Research and Application-2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis dat…

Aerosol particles, emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources, play a critical role in climate by interacting with solar radiation and clouds. While anthropogenic aerosol…

Satellite altimetry has successfully monitored large inland waters for more than 30 years and is increasingly important as the demand for freshwater grows and climate change accel…