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Showing 1 to 50 of 8313 works

Biomass Burning Smoke Influences Clouds over the Western U. S.

Small cumulus clouds over the western United States were measured via airborne instruments during the wildfire season in summer of 2018. Statistics of the sampled clouds are prese…

Advancing Near-Term Water Quality Forecasting with Explainable Machine Learning and Probabilistic Uncertainty Quantific…

Phytoplankton blooms pose escalating risks to drinking-water security, yet translating high-frequency monitoring data into timely, reliable, and interpretable forecasts remains ch…

Formation and arrest of a surface density front via strain-driven frontogenesis

Ocean fronts play a key role in the vertical transport of heat, energy and biogeochemical tracers, but their behaviour and life cycle is not well-understood, especially at smaller…

Advanced Near Real-Time Soil Moisture Mapping using Thermal Remote Sensing and Machine Learning

Accurate soil moisture estimation is essential for agriculture, disaster management, and hydrology. Traditional methods are accurate but time-consuming and destructive, while exis…

Triple isotopes of oxygen as a proxy for carbon dioxide in altered Early Pleistocene ice core samples

Traditional ice cores provide invaluable insights into changes in past atmospheric greenhouse gas levels, like carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and their relationship to climate over the l…

Iberian Mediterranean karst aquifers are systematically larger than their official designations: a four‐system converge…

Mediterranean Spain faces intensifying water stress under climate‐change projections of 25‐50% 10 recharge decline by 2100, yet major karst aquifer systems supplying its rivers, s…

Numerical Investigations of Low-Latitude Ground Magnetic Fields due to Cavity Mode Oscillations

Pi2 oscillations have been known to be associated with cavity mode oscillations (CMOs) in the inner magnetosphere at low latitudes. CMOs can also be excited by interplanetary shoc…

Statistical Evidence on the Impact of Foreshock Effects on the Kelvin-Helmholtz Waves at the Earth’s Magnetopause

One important mechanism by which energy and mass is transferred into Earth’s magnetosphere is the formation of waves and vortices at the magnetopause. These waves and vortices can…

A reconciled satellite record reveals a negative low cloud feedback over the past 47 years

Low-cloud feedback continues to dominate uncertainty in climate sensitivity, with no direct observational estimate to date. Here we provide the first such estimate by combining sa…

Anomalous energy fluxes and feedback parameter over the course of ENSO events

Internal variability may provide constraints on the global temperature response to forcing. Previous work showed that ENSO induces atmospheric stratification anomalies that lead t…

Euler-Net: A Tendency Learning Framework for Robust Long-Term Soil Moisture Forecasting

Accurate simulation of soil moisture is foundemental in hydrological modeling and water resource management. While increasingly widely used in soil moisture simulations, deep lear…

Regional inversion shows promise in capturing extreme-event-driven CO2 flux anomalies but is limited by atmospheric CO2…

Extreme climate events are becoming more frequent, with poorly understood implications for carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems. A better understanding will critically d…

Update on the Temperature Corrections of Global Air-Sea CO2 Flux Estimates

The oceans are a major carbon sink. Sea surface temperature (SST) is a crucial variable in the calculation of the air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2;) flux from surface observations. Any…

Predictable variations of the carbon sinks and atmospheric CO2 growth in a multi-model framework

Inter-annual to decadal variability in the strength of the land and ocean carbon sinks impede accurate predictions of year-to-year atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) growth rate. Su…

What is Mineral Informatics?

Minerals are information-rich materials that offer researchers a glimpse into the evolution of planetary bodies. Thus it is important to extract, analyze, and interpret this abund…

Effects of ambient fluids on particle size segregation in saturated debris flows

Size segregation, which is a robust feature of sheared granular mixtures and geophysical mass flow deposits, is found to diminish in the presence of a viscous fluid. We study this…

Balancing Earth's Deep Carbon Cycle

The deep carbon cycle of the Earth remains poorly understood in spite of its importance to the evolution of our planet. Here we consider estimated carbon fluxes for plume-related …

DJ4Earth: Differentiable, and Performance-portable Earth System Modeling via Program Transformations

Differentiable Earth system models (ESMs) enable powerful applications such as sensitivity analysis, gradient-based calibration, state estimation, boundary flux inversions, uncert…

MMS Observations of a Compressed, Strongly Driven Magnetopause during the 2024 Mother's Day Storm

From 10-12 May 2024, a series of coronal mass ejections led to one of the strongest geomagnetic storms of the century, referred to as the Mother’s Day or Gannon Storm. MMS’s posit…

The Effects of a Stably Stratified Region with radially varying Electrical Conductivity on the Formation of Zonal Winds…

The outer areas of Jupiter and Saturn have multiple zonal winds, reaching the high latitudes, that penetrate deep into the planets' interiors, as suggested by gravity measurements…

Simulation of Heavy Metals Migration in Groundwater from a Non-Engineered Landfill to an Ecosensitive Wetland

Non-engineered landfills or open dumpsites are the most common solid waste disposal facilities in developing countries. The absence of proper liner systems in these non-engineered…

Western Barents Sea Circulation and Hydrography, past and present

The Barents Sea is one of the main pathways for warm and saline Atlantic Water (AW) entering the Arctic Ocean. It is an important region for water mass transformation and dense-wa…

Effects of Pixel Resolution, Mapping Window Size, and Spectral Species Classification on Remote Sensing of Plant Beta D…

Using imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral imaging), we sought to assess the effects of image pixel resolution, size of mapping windows composed of pixels, and number of spectral s…

A generalized Townsend's theory for Paschen curves in planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries in planetary atmosp…

In this work, we focus on plasma discharges produced between two electrodes with a high potential difference, resulting in the ionization of the neutral particles supporting a cur…

Computing Rates and Distributions of Rock Recovery in Subduction Zones

Bodies of rock that are detached (recovered) from subducting oceanic plates, and exhumed to Earth’s surface, become invaluable records of the mechanical and chemical processing of…

Computing time dilation between inertial frames

The concepts underlying the Lorentz transform for time dilation and length contraction are presented. The notion of a rest frame is introduced and its usefulness discussed. The…

A Comparison of Spectral Bin Microphysics versus Bulk Parameterization in Forecasting Typhoon In-Fa (2021) before, duri…

Typhoon In-Fa hit continental China in July 2021 and caused an unprecedented rainfall amount, making it a typical case to examine the ability of numerical models in forecasting la…

The spatial heterogeneity of cloud phase observed by satellite

We conduct a global assessment of the spatial heterogeneity of cloud phase within the temperature range where liquid and ice can coexist. Single-shot CALIOP lidar retrievals are u…

Traveltime calculations for qP, qSV, and qSH waves in 3D tilted transversely isotropic media using fast sweeping method…

Efficient and accurate traveltime calculations of seismic waves have important applications in tomography, prestack migration, earthquake location, etc. Anisotropy significantly a…

Enhanced net CO2 exchange of a semi-deciduous forest in the southern Amazon due to diffuse radiation from biomass burni…

Atmospheric processes and climate are closely linked to the carbon cycle in the Amazon region as a consequence of the strong biosphere-atmosphere coupling. The radiative effects o…

Mesoscale eddies enhance the air-sea CO 2 sink in the South Atlantic Ocean

Mesoscale eddies are abundant in the global oceans and known to affect marine biogeochemistry. Understanding their cumulative impact on the air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2)  flux is l…

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Mars South Polar Ice Composition from Spectral Endmember Classification of CRISM Mapp…

Multispectral mapping data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) provide a unique opportunity to characterize south polar ice deposits at higher …

Uncertainty in projected critical soil moisture values in CMIP6 affects the interpretation of a more moisture-limited w…

Evaporation is controlled by soil moisture (SM) availability when conditions are not extremely wet. In such a moisture-limited regime, land-atmosphere coupling is active, and a ch…

The Impacts of Assimilating Fengyun-4A Atmospheric Motion Vectors on Typhoon Forecasts

Atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs), known as cloud track winds, have positive impacts on global numerical weather forecasts (NWP). In this study, AMVs retrieved from Fengyun-2G and…

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