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There has been evidence of increasing fire activity in the United States since approximately the 1980s, now estimated to cause tens to hundreds of billions of dollars of damage pe…

Climate smart reforestation faces critical uncertainty about tree survival under future drought conditions. Predicting which trees will survive is essential for guiding species se…

As development expands and extreme wildfire events worsen, people and property are increasingly exposed to wildfire hazards, necessitating comprehensive and accurate community and…

This article, from the perspective of a collective of researchers from the French National Research Institute for Development and collaborators, presents and discusses the concept…

This roadmap outlines research pathways to determine whether Mars could be warmed withnon-biological methods. It does not presuppose that warming Mars is desirable; its purposeis …

Remote sensing-based ecosystem assessment increasingly relies on the integration of spectral, structural, and model-derived datasets; however, inconsistencies among these data sou…

Vehicle-based measurement systems occupy an important niche in the multi-scale methane measurement landscape between component-level technologies (e.g. OGI) and aerial-based metho…

Snow cover is a critical component of the Himalayan cryosphere, providing freshwater to millions of people across South Asia and regulating regional climate through albedo feedbac…

Secure, retrievable cadastral records are foundational to land tenure security and effective land administration, yet most private cadastral surveying firms in Nigeria maintain su…

Three-dimensional (3D) characterisation of vegetation structure at the level of individual growth forms is critical for understanding ecosystem function and resilience, yet remain…

CPAdry — the Conditional Precipitation Anomaly, dry phase — detects rainfall inhibitory mechanism failure across three forcing modes: the MJO (intraseasonal), ENSO, and IOD (inter…

Weather variability and CO₂ supply costs remain key barriers to the commercial viability of algal biofuel production. Recent experimental work has demonstrated that the algae Chlo…

Hydropower from large multi-objective reservoirs and water management projects constitutes the bulk of global reservoir-based generation. Yet accurate forecasting remains challeng…

Coastal hydrodynamic models play a vital role in understanding and predicting flooding, but practical computational constraints and uncertainties in boundary conditions and bathym…

Hydrological forcing during extreme recharge events can perturb crustal stress and trigger seismicity in a critically stressed crust, yet the coupling between aquifer dynamics and…

Humans reshape the surface of the Earth through efforts to protect people and places from natural hazards. While some hazard defences, such as river levees, are permanent infrastr…

Public land acquisitions (PLAs) are a promising conservation instrument, combining the permanence of protected areas with the voluntary, compensatory structure of payments for eco…

As geospatial datasets exceed the billion-row threshold, Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) promise to replace expensive vector spatial joins with fast relational hash-joins on d…

Uneven transport infrastructure development remains a persistent challenge in rapidly urbanising cities, where disparities in road conditions shape mobility, accessibility, and so…

The Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon generates climate extremes that endanger ecosystems, infrastructure, and human well-being worldwide. The response of thi…

Agricultural water use efficiency (WUE) is widely expected to improve under technological intensification, yet its response to prolonged aridification at regional scales is poorly…

Methane intensity, the emissions relative to production, has been a focus in global regulations on oil and gas production and imports, given the climate benefits of methane emissi…

Climate change increases fire weather globally. Hot, dry and windy conditions raise the likelihood of fires igniting and spreading and make suppression more challenging. With furt…

Exposure to excess UV-B radiation can harm organisms through DNA damage and oxidative stress, and has likely been a key ecological and evolutionary driver throughout Earth’s histo…

Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides a non-invasive, quantitative measure of plant photosynthetic activity, linking leaf-level physiology to can…

Climate change is increasingly affecting both health and the systems required to deliver care, particularly in low-resource settings. In response, Uganda developed its Health Nati…

Background SubSaharan Africa (SSA) faces deeply intersecting crises in which high climate vulnerability interacts with entrenched gender role inequities, severely compromising po…

As local governments increasingly adopt geospatial Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) to inform prospective public policy, the reliability of existing static risk intelli…

Recent seismic swarms in the western sector of the Las Cañadas Caldera (Tenerife, Canary Islands) have raised concerns regarding the potential for renewed eruptive activity at Tei…

Triassic continental sedimentary basins along the eastern margin of Gondwana record drainage reorganisation and sediment routing, but provenance links among adjacent basins remain…

The global population living on steep terrain is rising, so is their landslide risk. However, hotspots and driving mechanisms of increasing exposure remain poorly understood. We a…

Sumatra Island exhibits distinct rainfall characteristics between its northern and southern regions due to its equatorial position. Generally, Northern Sumatra displays a bimodal …

Duration is a fundamental descriptor of earthquake ground motion, yet it remains ill-defined across engineering seismology, with numerous threshold-based measures adopted for spec…

The reduction in sediment supply in major deltas worldwide is altering the morphological dynamics of river delta systems. However, the way in which this process leads to the spati…

Understanding the biodiversity and biogeography of plankton in the ocean is essential for predicting responses to environmental changes and informing ocean conservation and manage…

In the grounding zones of Antarctic ice sheets, grounded ice sheets become floating ice shelves at the triple junction of the ice, ocean, and bedrock. Ice downstream of the ground…

The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is known to be very sensitive to climate change, and persistent global warming only slightly higher than today could be enough to completely melt it…

Conifer forests span some of the most climatically contrasting environments on Earth, from energy-limited Boreal systems to water-limited semi-arid ecosystems. Whether their carbo…

Seasonal Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) counts are commonly modeled as a conditional Poisson process, implying that the distribution of possible seasonal outcomes—the range of TC …

Rising atmospheric CO2 is widely expected to influence crops through physiological pathways, yet croplands are also extensive physical interfaces that regulate land–atmosphere ene…

Accurate real-time retrieval of cloud optical thickness (COT) is of great significance for meteorological operations and climate research. To address the limitations of traditiona…

Soil degradation threatens global food security, human nutrition, biodiversity, water resources, and climate stability by depleting soil organic matter, exhausting nutrient reserv…

Riverbed sand mining is a major anthropogenic driver of sediment imbalance and riverbank erosion in the Mekong Delta. This study investigates its morphological impacts using the h…

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is computationally intensive due to the large number of data points, forward simulations, and model parameters. However, realistic acquisition geomet…

Subsurface resistivity in geophysics is commonly estimated indirectly from dependent measurements. This relationship can be approximated in a forward operator using physical model…

Recent federal climate policy rollbacks in the United States have slowed progress toward high-ambition climate targets under the Paris Agreement. In the absence of federal climate…

The Cap-Ferret sand spit (SW France) exhibits a pattern of coastal instability that combines chronic shoreline retreat (8.7 m·yr⁻¹ at the tip, Robinet et al. 2025), sudden vertica…

When analyzing signals from Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), the recorded amplitude across the array can be difficult to interpret, as it is influenced by many parameters. …

A nuclear winter would be, for lack of better words, really bad. As long as the risk of nuclear war exists, so too will the catastrophic risk of a nuclear winter. Much of the mode…