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The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) was a critical interval of global cooling and circulation change that reshaped marine ecosystems. However, current knowledge of diatom divers…

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences global climate variability, including Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. The Niño-3.4 index has long been used to characterize ENSO…

Sills of predominantly mafic compositions are ubiquitous in many onshore and offshore extension-related sedimentary basins worldwide and do in some instances also appear in extens…

Microseismic monitoring of offshore CO2 storage projects is likely to include some deployment of offshore sensors. To improve the value proposition of this monitoring infrastructu…

The purpose of this research is to investigate the misconceptions related to geological concepts among Secondary Education students in the region of Achaia, Greece. The study focu…

As the climate warms, interacting weather extremes such as sequential heat events pose complex risks to societies. Regarding global agriculture, laboratory experiments suggest tha…

This study proposes a novel paradigm integrating wastewater reuse and desalination for Taiz's water security in Yemen. This hydrological circuit of multiple stages transforms wast…

Characterising the in situ stress field is important for a range of industrial applications, such as geological CO₂ storage, geothermal projects, hydrocarbon extraction, geologica…

We present a top-down method to derive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from mofettes, using only point measurement time series at irregular locations. Notably, no wind vector infor…

Food is the foundation of our society. We often take it for granted, but stocks are rarely available for longer than a year, and food production can be disrupted by catastrophic e…

Seasonal forecasts play a crucial role in delivering early warnings to various sectors, particularly the agricultural sector. The Greater Horn of Africa region depends on rainfed …

This note is aimed at the examination of a precursor plume one hour before the paroxysmal Hunga eruption on 15 January 2022, following a claim made in Van Eaton et al. (2023). Aft…

The 2021 Mw 8.2 Chignik earthquake ruptured a weakly coupled portion of the deep slab in the eastern Aleutian-Alaska subduction zone, with no significant shallow slip. The underl…

Light pollution is an emerging environmental and health challenge in rapidly urbanizing Indian cities. This study quantifies night-sky brightness across Gurgaon using a low-cost, …

The natural gas pipeline network in the United States is extensive and often intersects streams and other sensitive habitats, yet there are limited case studies utilizing a compar…

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is commonly implemented with collinear electrode arrays that measure only electric field components along the survey line, neglecting horiz…

Brazil has emerged as a global leader in the use of silicate agrominerals (ASi), silicate-rich rock powders that supply plant nutrients and improve soil properties. These material…

Water security in Aburrá Valley, Colombia, relies heavily on the Riogrande II and La Fe reservoirs, which face increasing pressures from climate variability, land use change, and …

Accurate long-horizon streamflow forecasting is crucial for water resource management, but existing models often face efficiency and interpretability challenges. This study compre…

This study examines trends in nitrate contamination in Iowa's community water systems (CWS) from 2000 to 2022, focusing on the characteristics of CWS that are most vulnerable to e…

The need for methods to assess earth’s temperature anomaly are briefly discussed together with shortcomings of existing climate models. The geomagnetic or Pole shift method of cli…

This paper examines the four pivotal and most contentious issues within the field of abiogenesis by analyzing the life-originating processes centred on protoplanetary and planetar…

A spatially infilled Dynamically Consistent Ensemble of surface Temperature (DCENT-I) has been created by infilling land-air and sea-surface temperatures from DCENT using ordinary…

The last two decades of research have highlighted that volcanism occurring in sedimentary basins can have substantial effects on sedimentary formations. In particular, igneous int…

Snow cover influences sea ice thermodynamics and mass balance, making its distribution and properties critical to polar research. Grounded icebergs in coastal Antarctica substanti…

This project evaluates the effectiveness of using portable X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) to detect soil composition matrices that show patterns of anthropogenic influence. We explore 2…

Since 1964, the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands has experienced significant subsidence due to gas extraction. Although InSAR has been widely used to estimate the vertical d…

New Zealand's vulnerability to seismic hazards highlights the need for systems capable of providing earthquake early warning (EEW) alerts or rapid notice of strong shaking. Large …

Charleston, South Carolina is among the most flood-exposed cities on the United States Atlantic coast. Tide-gauge records show mean sea level rising at 3.51 mm per year since 1921…

An Intelligent National Map (INM) can change how worldwide mapping agencies, such as the U.S. Geological Survey, deliver the geospatial foundation of the Nation, as well as the ca…

Groundwater is vital to global freshwater access, streamflow generation, and biogeochemical cycling, but not all groundwater can be drained due to adhesive and capillary forces. Q…

Traditional satellite ocean color algorithms for chlorophyll-a and inherent optical property retrieval rely on deterministic regression models that typically produce single-point …

Grassland aboveground biomass provides key insights into ecological processes such as carbon sequestration, animal movement patterns, and agricultural management practices. Differ…

There are many empirical algorithms developed for the remote sensing of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl) from ocean color measurements, with the blue-green band-ratio type of alg…

Commercially available Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) in the market are expensive, and the software used for automating navigation and bathymetry mapping are typically proprieta…

Excessive use of herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers has enhanced agricultural productivity but has also generated significant environmental impacts and public health risks. C…

Urban renaturing efforts increasingly emphasize the role of collaborative governance in managing nature-based solutions (NbS). However, existing frameworks often prioritize instit…

The Colombian Andes faces severe anthropogenic pressures from deforestation, agricultural expansion, mining, and urban development. Given its status as one of the world’s biodiver…

Ice sheets leave contact with the bed at grounding lines, beyond which floating ice shelves experience no friction at their base. In places where basal friction begins to decrease…

Seismic waves generated by earthquakes consist of multiple phases that carry critical information about Earth’s internal structure as they propagate through heterogeneous media. E…

Kumasi, Ghana, and most rapidly developing cities in Sub-Saharan Africa are confronted with increasing environmental and infrastructure concerns as a result of rapid urbanization,…

The Late Cretaceous strata that crop-out in east central Utah (USA) have been central to the development and testing of the sequence stratigraphic paradigm for almost 40 years. La…

Replacement reactions progress to varying degrees depending on the P-T conditions, exhumation rates, and fluid availability. The preservation of reactants and retrogressed product…

As seen in the most recent August 2025 Hubble imagery, the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS makes a strong case for its natural astrogeological origins, which is consistent with my pr…

Three-component force sensors are capable of simultaneously detecting force or moment components in three directions in space, and are widely used in robotics, industrial automati…

We present a fault surface model of the 2025 Mw 7.7 Myanmar earthquake based on the potency density tensor inversion (PDTI) of teleseismic P-waves combined with surface reconstruc…

This paper presents an unconventional perspective on the glacial retraction and postglacial expansion of the lowland Neotropical palm Mauritia flexuosa during the last glacial cyc…

Water resource recovery facilities play a crucial role in the water-energy nexus, consuming a substantial amount of energy in the United States. Growing treatment volumes and more…

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are hot mixtures of gases and volcanic rock of diverse size, nature, or density, capable of flowing over long distances at velocities of tens t…