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In this study, we improved a previously published numerical model linking the core composition to the core temperature during accretion by introducing the possibility of chemical …

Joint action on climate and biodiversity is urgently needed to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement (PA) and Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF). Here, we ana…

Stem diameter distributions underpin growth projections, harvest scheduling, and carbon accounting, yet permanent sample plot inventories are routinely truncated by merchantabilit…

Urban heat stress is an area of critical research interest due to its relevance for public health and policy. Given the lack of operational-grade weather stations within cities, d…

Private household adaptation is a critical yet underutilised element of flood resilience. Property-level measures might reduce up to 80\% of damage if adopted in a timely manner. …

Introduction: The Green Revolution contributed to significant increases in crop production and yield in India. However, it also resulted in negative social and environmental conse…

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are gravity currents that frequently form during explosive volcanic eruptions. These ground-hugging density currents consist of high-temperatur…

Seismic waves traveling through the Earth interact with heterogeneities of all scales along their path. Generally, we are interested in travel time associated with coarse-scale st…

The Sierra Madre Oriental belt of the Mexican thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belt, which formed during the Late Cretaceous due to the subduction of the Farallon Plate beneath North …

This study investigated the factors affecting aboveground carbon storage in mixed oak-pine forests of the southeastern United States, with a particular focus on the influence of s…

Mangroves have disappeared rapidly due to deforestation and sea-level rise but can also recover through natural regrowth and restoration. However, their long-term trajectory in ar…

Identifying organic molecular biosignatures for life is challenging. Most current analytical methods were developed on Earth sediments rich in total organic carbon (TOC), and thes…

The ability of a nation to protect its citizens, institutions, and interests from domestic and foreign threats is one of the foundational responsibilities of any government. Howev…

The aim of this research is to detect Earth's deformation from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images through a semi-supervised machine learning algorithm called …

Most deep learning studies in hydrology adopt single-task frameworks that address individual variables such as rainfall or streamflow independently, limiting opportunities for sha…

Horizontal point sampling (HPS) produces size-biased tallies that cannot be fit directly with standard probability distributions without distorting diameter distribution estimates…

Deforestation is a major threat to biodiversity and the stability of the climate. Current monitoring solutions provide reactive alerts only after deforestation has occurred, rende…

Forest structure underpins the emergence of ecological patterns and processes yet remains costly to measure directly at broad scales. NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigatio…

The Indus Water Treaty has been applauded as a successful water sharing agreement to allocate the water of Indus River system between India and Pakistan. Yet a set of diplomatic, …

The interpretation of parasequences is often complicated by ambiguities in the definition of key surfaces, uncertainties in interpretation of facies successions, varying data qual…

Rapid warming of the Arctic, known as Arctic Amplification, is reshaping ice, ocean, and coastal systems in ways that alter how plastic pollution accumulates and transforms in the…

Sediment grain size and mineralogy change in sediment routing systems from source to sink. A better understanding of sediment routing allows improved predictions to be made of the…

Hemileia vastatrix a pathogenic fungus which causes coffee leaf rust, has been a significant challenge to the sustainability of Arabica coffee production in Kenya, where smallhold…

Given the scarcity of seismometers in marine environments, traditional seismology has limited effectiveness in oceanic regions. Submarine Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) system…

The persistent Spring Predictability Barrier (SPB) suggests that current ENSO models may omit a crucial external forcing. This study identifies and quantifies a bimodal, season-de…

This review synthesizes current remote sensing (RS) applications for monitoring Earth's cryosphere, encompassing ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, snow cover, permafrost, and mountai…

The aviation sector faces mounting pressure to deliver transparent, comparable greenhouse-gas (GHG) disclosures under European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). We provid…

Nitrogen pollution drives widespread coastal ecosystem collapse. In this paper, we argue that mangrove forests represent an undervalued natural mitigation solution for nitrogen po…

Agricultural land fallowing is a practice of temporarily idling farmlands to maximize soil water storage, restore plant nutrients, and minimize soil erosion hazards. Despite the b…

We present revised values for Mars’ extreme elevations using a blended digital elevation model (DEM) that combines altimetry collected from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA)…

This preprint presents a physical formulaton for the stability of saturated granular systems based on a static enthalpy equilibrium. The approach definnes equilibrium as the balan…

Reducing methane emissions is one of the quickest ways to slow near-term warming, yet building accurate inventories to track progress towards reduction targets remains challenging…

The 125.2 km rail link Rishikesh–Karnaprayag in the Lesser Himalayas of India represents a benchmark in mechanized tunnelling through complex geology. This paper focuses on Tunnel…

Supershear rupture has been investigated by many studies, yet its exact characteristics during natural earthquakes are not fully clear, due to the paucity of near-field constraint…

This article has three objectives: 1) modeling the climate-dengue relationship at the smallest administrative division (districts) using high-resolution data; 2) use of an objecti…

Understanding the sources, dispersion, and health impacts of microplastic (MP) pollution requires quantitative observations in terms of MP number and/or mass concentrations. Measu…

There is strong evidence that the atmospheric moisture content of several solar system planets, including Earth, has varied over their lifetimes. A growing body of work also docum…

Sea ice keels modulate upper-ocean momentum and mixing through internal wave (IW) generation, yet their effects are difficult to represent in climate models because their spatio-t…

Rapid reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are increasingly included in mitigation strategies, yet the response of regional climate extremes to such reductions remain…

The core-mantle boundary is a region of significant lateral heterogeneity. Two antipodal large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) dominate the lower mantle, while smaller but more ext…

Forests around the world are increasingly experiencing large-scale regional mortality events as a result of droughts and heat waves. Despite their considerable impacts on the mate…

In engineering applications such as non-invasive cementation beneath existing structures or naturally induced cementation around piles, cementation can develop in soils that have …

Urbanisation intensifies stormwater management challenges by expanding impervious surfaces, increasing flood risk and degrading water quality. Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) are …

This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. A large number of hypotheses about its causes have already been put for…

Episodically, vast seas on Earth partly dried out, leaving deposits called “salt giants”. Recently, in addition to well-documented accelerated level decline and salt precipitation…

Crowdsourced air temperature data from networks like Weather Underground offer dense spatial coverage and are increasingly used to study the canopy urban heat island (CUHI) effect…

With the projected increase in the global population and food demand on a planet in climate crisis, the debate about the role of livestock continues to intensify. Animals farmed f…

Land surface temperature (LST) data derived from satellite images are important for various applications, including mapping urban heat islands, analysing temporal and spatial temp…

We present a comprehensive, high-resolution seismic and acoustic datasets from Mt. Etna, Italy acquiredthrough a large, unprecedented deployment of seismometers and microphones in…