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Microplastics are widely distributed in the aquatic ecosystem globally. They pose potential risks and harm to the ecosystem and human health. Contamination of river environments b…

Reliable runoff forecasting is critical for water management and flood preparedness in Nepal’s steep, data-scarce catchments. Traditional models such as SWAT provide process insig…

As global efforts to tackle climate change deepen, the role of carbon information disclosure in enhancing the new quality productivity of enterprises has attracted growing attenti…

Heat exposure endangers over 850 million farmworkers, with agricultural labor projected to account for 60% of heat-related working-hour losses by 2030. Agrivoltaic systems, which …

Despite sustained efforts over several decades, no region is projected to achieve universal sanitation access by 2030, according to international monitoring frameworks. Climate ch…

Since 2020, global politics have shifted sharply to the right—nowhere more visibly than in the United States and Europe. By 2024, this rightward turn in the U.S. culminated in ope…

Background Water scarcity is being exacerbated by climate change, especially in low- and middle-income countries with limited adaptation capacity. Methods Between June and Octo…

While often neglected, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a significant dimension of the health implications of global anthropogenic environmental change, including climate c…

External forcings, such as climate and tectonics, influence sedimentary basin fills. In turn, sedimentary archives provide key information on variations in accommodation and sedim…

The July 2025 Kamchatka earthquake (Mw 8.8) generated Pacific-wide tsunamis. Inversion of 40 DART bottom pressure records around the Pacific Ocean revealed a large (~ 9 m) slip at…

Background: Diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for children under the age of five, despite reductions in its overall global burden in recent dec…

A generalized additive model (GAM) and three generalized additive mixed-effect models (GAMMs) were developed and compared to describe variations of surface reflectances of visible…

While the ocean is known to be an important sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, assessing trends in ocean’s uptake and storage of atmospheric CO2 is complicated because changes …

Oceanic core complexes (OCCs) are a fundamental component of slow-to-ultraslow spreading mid-ocean ridges, yet the processes that control OCC formation and evolution are poorly un…

Reliable estimation of capillary threshold pressure is essential for evaluating the sealing capacity of subsurface flow barriers, which has important applications in fluid storage…

We present a measurement-based assessment of methane emissions from 42 landfills across diverse climatic regions in Canada. Our findings reveal that emission rates predicted by th…

Mixing in the ocean abyss sustains the deepest branches of the global overturning circulation, yet the processes that drive deep-ocean mixing remain poorly understood. Recent fiel…

A total of integrated geophysical and hydrochemical investigations were conducted to characterize groundwater salinization in the western Nile Delta, Egypt. Twenty-five time-domai…

Three models have been proposed to explain the downdip limit of the subduction seismogenic zone. The first is a temperature-controlled transition in rate-and-state frictional prop…

Insufficient sleep is becoming increasingly prevalent, partially because of the accelerated pace of modern life, and is linked to a wide range of adverse physical and mental healt…

Human degradation of peatlands worldwide has turned them into net carbon sources. In upland blanket peatlands, erosion disrupts new plant-derived carbon input and exposes deep pea…

This brief guide is designed to teach workers at observatories of volcanoes exhibiting explosive activity how to take samples of pyroclastic deposits for paleomagnetic studies. Pa…

Coastal wetland restoration is widely promoted as a tool for climate change mitigation, but its effect on the carbon cycle is not well constrained. We conducted a systematic revie…

The palynofacies and paleoenvironmental study of TDA-1 well, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria between intervals of 6160 to 14470 feet (1878 to 4410 meter). The Niger Delta Basin is a cr…

Drilling-induced features identified from borehole image logs provide direct constraints on in-situ stress orientations and magnitudes. Classic features such as drilling-induced t…

Coastal zones, shaped by marine and terrestrial processes, are home to over 40% of the global population and contribute significantly to the global economy. However, their attract…

The prediction of Intensity Measures (IMs) using Ground-Motion Models (GMMs) is a fundamental component of seismic hazard assessment. However, the best estimation of IMs tradition…

Forests play a crucial role as carbon sinks and are central to climate mitigation strategies, yet their long-term reliability in this function is increasingly uncertain under clim…

This paper develops a mechanism to pay for drawing down excess atmospheric carbon dioxide while avoiding third party payments. Assuming this mechanism, the paper investigates the …

Abstract This study examines the effect of climate variability on water quality in Beck Lake, an inland urban lake in Chicago, Illinois, from 2020 to 2024. The lake is maintained …

The U.S. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) faces growing solvency and affordability pressures amid proposals to decentralize FEMA and shift disaster management to states. Ma…

Crystalline silica minerals – quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite – are hazardous when inhaled. They are at least an order of magnitude more toxic than crystalline silica-free ine…

The ocean’s biological carbon pump (BCP) regulates atmospheric CO2 by exporting organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. This process mainly depends on microbial communi…

Western European heat extremes have intensified in recent decades, with their rate of warming outpacing the global mean. Against this general human-induced warming trend, understa…

While the fossil fuel industry’s role in driving climate change is well established, the elevated risks to fenceline communities and critical ecosystems remain underexplored at a …

Human activities have degraded lake water quality globally, leading to toxic algae proliferation and anoxia. The spatial variability of these impacts within lakes and the potentia…

Accurate characterization of methane emission rate quantification error (QE) is essential for building measurement-based emissions inventories that benchmark emissions, guide miti…

Geothermal reservoir models are costly to build and calibrate, and generating a single forecast can take hours. Operators tasked with field planning and optimization are constrain…

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has been extensively studied at the city scale. Yet, the Intra-Urban Heat Island and the Intra-Urban Cool Island effects remain poorly character…

The global ocean is losing oxygen under climate warming, yet most climate models project rising oxygen levels in low-latitude subsurface waters (~100–500 m), partly due to their e…

After its recent rejection as a geological epoch of the Geological Time Scale, t he Anthropocene is a concept in search of a definition, and action in this regard is urgently need…

Floods remain among the most destructive natural hazards worldwide, causing an average of USD 40 billion in annual damage and affecting more than 2.5 billion people between 1994 a…

Air pollution poses a significant environmental concern and is recognized as the fourth leading risk factor affecting human health. Understanding the levels of air pollution and i…

Traditional geophysical workflows like reservoir characterization are driven in a collaborative manner where teams of geoscientists share their individual analyses to inform key d…

During the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), the entire Mediterranean Basins underwent dramatic canyon incision along its margins due to fluctuating sea levels and rapidly increasi…

We analyze seismic source parameters of the induced earthquakes at the Hengill (Iceland) between 2018 and 202 to investigate rupture processes in a complex volcanic–geothermal set…

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pollution, due to its persistence, chemical recalcitrance, and widespread usage, represents a growing hazard to marine ecosystems. Its accumulatio…

Trust in climate data remains a significant barrier to effective climate action. Skepticism about data manipulation and politicization reduces confidence and hinders evidence-base…

We address the question of separating the ocean’s deterministic response to time-dependent forcing from its intrinsic chaotic variability. Because the forcing is neither stationar…