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The composition of volcanic glass records important clues into the origin and evolution of magmatic systems. However, the analysis of volcanic glass presents challenges when perfo…

Bangladesh situated in the tropical monsoon region is one of the most rainfall-sensitive countries in the world with terrain ranging from northwest floodplains to southern coastal…

Temporal variations in magma plumbing architecture and magmatic processes influence eruption priming and the interpretation of pre- and syn-eruptive signals. Yet, how these proces…

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major driver of infectious disease dynamics, influencing disease distribution, seasonality, and outbreak intensity. This systematic …

Climate change is bringing hotter, drier summers and warmer, wetter winters, intensifying winter floods and causing larger seasonal variations in soil moisture. These shifts place…

Long-term rates of crustal uplift in southern Calabria and NE Sicily are incompletely understood due to limited information about the age of marine terraces at 1.0–1.3 km above se…

Digital twin architectures for geological carbon storage demand uncertainty-aware surrogates capable of rapid plume forecasting under extreme data scarcity. Traditional physics-ba…

The late Cambrian to end Ordovician is marked by a long-term climatic cooling, culminating with the short lived (<2 Ma) Hirnantian icehouse, before recovering to warmer climate…

Urban areas are highly vulnerable to climate extremes, creating a pressing need for reliable modeling tools to support climate adaptation. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WR…

Reproducibility is increasingly recognised as a cornerstone of rigorous science, prompting many publishers to require full documentation, data and software access, and archiving o…

Groundwater overexploitation can reduce flows in connected rivers through streamflow depletion, which threatens ecosystems and downstream users who often rely on these flows for t…

Coastal flooding and the associated damages due to storms are increasing with sea level rise around the world, with regional variability in the severity of impacts., Researchers a…

Constraining past topography and the shape of Earth’s surface is the next frontier in palaeogeography and full-plate tectonic modelling. Mountains are highly dynamic on geological…

Lithium isotope composition (δ7Li) has been extensively utilized to trace silicate weathering. Although the direction and magnitude of Li isotope fractionation during Li adsorptio…

Magnesite (MgCO3) is a magnesium carbonate mineral that records the aqueous environmental conditions of its formation. On Earth, magnesite forms in metamorphic, diagenetic or pedo…

Study region A relatively large area covering east and west Asia, north Africa, and Europe. Study focus This study examines the complex correlation patterns of high precipitation …

Seismic reflection data from volcanic margins show thick packages of seaward-dipping reflectors (SDRs) that are commonly interpreted as buried subaerial lava flows. The origins of…

Ghana’s 24H+ Programme proposes a transition toward a 24-hour economy as a strategy to expand employment, strengthen productivity, and modernize national development. While the po…

The authors report global mangrove stem CH₄ emissions of 730.60 Gg yr⁻¹, offsetting 16.9% of carbon burial. However, their analysis suffers from critical methodological flaws invo…

We estimate the global oil and gas (OG) emission rate distribution above ~20 kg h-1 at facility scale using 16,294 quantified OG methane emission rates detected from five high-res…

This article proposes a method for characterizing rainfall transitions based on historical series. Two synthetic parameters are analyzed: the annual or seasonal amount of rainfall…

Areas of crustal extension often contain pre-existing structures that can reactivate or influence the geometry and growth of new, overlying faults. As strain accumulates, it is we…

Sea-level reconstructions are critical benchmarks for testing models of ice-sheet stability and climate change. Their interpretation, however, is complicated by sea-level changes …

The July 29 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake ruptured the plate interface off the east coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula along the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction zone. Following the ma…

Following the 2018-2020 Fani Maoré submarine eruption near Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean, multiple oceanographic expeditions provide unprecedented access to fresh alkaline volcanic…

In this study, the effects of street trees on the performance of an urban canopy model (UCM) and how the UCM sensitively responds to tree-related parameters compared with urban th…

Energy curvature controls catastrophic failure in seismic systems. We show this through a self-normalizing logarithmic functional Fω = ω(t)² · log(1 + |ω(t)| / median(|ω|)), where…

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are extreme storm events with the potential to cause significant damage to coral reef and island ecosystems. The evolution of coral rubble (shingle) island…

The extraction of atmospheric gases from fluid inclusions has emerged as an extremely promising approach for directly constraining the composition of Earth's ancient atmospheres. …

Cryospheric systems are nearing irreversible thresholds, yet political processes remain misaligned with the long timescales of ice loss. Using COP30 as context, we argue that cryo…

Antarctic ice-shelves are vulnerable to collapse in a warming climate. However, when this might happen is largely unknown, propagating significant uncertainty into sea-level-rise …

The accelerating transformations of the Anthropocene demand governance systems capable of anticipating and steering complex, nonlinear Earth-system dynamics. Existing models optim…

Repeating earthquakes are mostly generated by small asperities that are loaded by continuous creep surrounding them, and their recurrence times are inversely proportional to the l…

A numerical method is developed to calculate coastal trapped wave (CTW) modes in the low-frequency limit ω ≪ f. The modes are solutions to a 2-dimensional eigenvalue problem. Usef…

Exposure to pluvial floods poses significant hazards, and predicting flood locations can be challenging. We developed a metric that quantifies relative flood hazard across Long Is…

The petrogenetic puzzle of pink coloration of granitoid rocks is rooted on the debate between primary magmatic versus metasomatic origin of K-feldspar, which, in turn, has persist…

Oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) is widely used as an in situ indicator of redox conditions in aquatic environments, and field electrodes typically record a mixed potential gene…

This review paper presents a concise analysis of Minisat-based geological monitoring systems that combine low-cost embedded platforms with RF communication technologies. It highli…

Closing the sea-level budget is crucial for validating our understanding of climate change and sea-level rise. Satellite gravimetry (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, GRACE…

According to the WHO 2021 Health and Climate Change Global Survey Report, most countries’ climate change and health plans are witnessing low to moderate implementation due to (amo…

How oceanic plates cool and thicken with age remains a subject of debate, with several thermal models supported by apparently contradictory data. Combining a novel imaging techniq…

The structure and dynamics of Earth’s crust during the Hadean–Eoarchean remain one of the central challenges in geodynamics. Traditional models describe early states in terms of d…

Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) cycles significantly influence arsenic (As) mobility and sequestration in contaminated soils, yet the mechanisms underlying As immobilisation at…

The Strawberry Creek watershed, situated in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, features a group of natural springs known as Arrowhead Springs that have been augm…

Climate change is expected to impact hydrological regimes worldwide, including the Pacific Northwest of the United States. This study investigates how climate change will affect r…

Global agreements under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) call for integrated action on biodiversity loss and…

ABSTRACT Studies show that the theoretical feasibility, described in the literature, of gravitational interactions between celestial bodies under certain conditions may result in …

This technical brief provides the first region-wide analysis of the commodity-specific agricultural drivers of deforestation across the Amazon region at a sub-national level, offe…

Methane intensity is defined as methane gas emitted to the atmosphere per oil and gas product throughput at various steps in the supply chain. It is the standard metric used by in…

Ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies increasingly consider biomass burial in anoxic marine basins as a pathway for long-term carbon storage. To evaluate its stabili…