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Evaluating how land-cover is being transformed is essential to identify patterns necessary to infer the change trajectories and the driving factors. This study considers the case …

The evolution of the first plant-based terrestrial ecosystems some ~450 million years ago had a profound effect on the development of soils and shifts in global biogeochemical cyc…

Groundwater is crucial for Africa's potable water supply, agriculture, and economic development. However, the continent faces challenges with groundwater scarcity due to factors l…

In the field of environmental health, assessing air pollution exposure has historically posed challenges, primarily due to sparse ground observation networks. To overcome this lim…

Impact attribution is an emerging transdisciplinary sub-discipline of detection and attribution, focused on the social, economic, and ecological impacts of climate change. Here, w…

Hydrogen (H2) can support the transition to net-zero carbon (C) emissions by facilitating increased renewable energy use by acting as an energy store to balance supply and demand.…

Locked areas of subduction megathrusts are increasingly found to coincide with landscape features sculpted over hundreds of kyrs, yet the mechanisms that underlie such correlation…

Understanding convective aggregation is very important for understanding tropical climate and climate sensitivity. However, we still lack a full understanding of how aggregation e…

Atmospheric methane concentrations rose rapidly over the past decade and surged in 2020-2022 but the causes are unclear. We find from inverse analysis of GOSAT satellite observati…

The Late Cambrian Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) event occurring at approximately 497 Ma and lasting for about 2-4 Myr is emblematic of a global-scale oceanic…

In the immediate vicinity of a source there are strong gradients in the seismic wavefield that are tamed and modified in DAS recording due to combined effects of gauge-length aver…

When and why earthquakes trigger volcano and geyser eruptions remains unclear. In September 2022, Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone, USA erupted 8.25 hours after a local M3.9 earthq…

Rapid electrification of society is placing unprecedented demand on critical mineral and metal resources. New strategies and technologies are thus needed to promote mineral discov…

Coastal wetlands deliver critical ecosystem services but remain highly degraded by anthropogenic and climatic pressures. This study presents an integrated structural, functional, …

Septic tanks are widely used for decentralized wastewater treatment but remain poorly characterized with respect to greenhouse-gas emissions, particularly under variable temperatu…

Coastal megacities face compounding hazards from rising sea levels and land subsidence. Jakarta, one of the fastest-sinking megacities, already experiences recurrent flooding ampl…

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key component in aquatic ecosystems, representing the main source of energy for microbial metabolism and playing a crucial role in C sequestrat…

FloodSim Sandbox is an AI-augmented, immersive digital twin framework for real-time flood visualization, analysis, and decision support. Developed within Unreal Engine 5, it integ…

Liquefaction of saturated granular materials is commonly interpreted within stress-based frameworks that rely on the existence of an intact grain skeleton. At the onset of liquefa…

High-altitude wetlands are critical ecosystems that store water, regulate downstream flows, and sustain biodiversity. Their persistence is tightly linked to continuous water input…

Floods are among the most frequent and damaging natural hazards, posing serious risks to transportation infrastructure and public safety. Bridges, as essential links in road and r…

This study introduces Generalized Immersive Flood Information Specification (GIFIS), a vendor-agnostic, JSON Schema–based framework for encoding, validating, and exchanging hydrol…

Reliable uncertainty estimation is essential for decision making, evaluating model performance, and defining the limits of what can be inferred from data. While uncertainty estima…

A great megathrust earthquake with moment magnitude Mw 8.8 struck off the Kamchatka Peninsula on July 29, 2025, generating a Pacific-wide tsunami and rupturing a segment of the Ku…

Flooding presents a significant risk to Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), especially in regions increasingly affected by extreme weather events. This study uses adva…

It is believed that the accumulation of small fractures (small earthquakes) in the crust is one of many ways for the formation of large fractures (large earthquakes). In such case…

Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity and Land Surface Temperature (LST) variations are critical indicators of urban environmental change in rapidly growing cities. This study examine…

Understanding dynamic processes of faulting and basin evolution across timescales in complex rift settings remains a key challenge in active continental tectonics. This is in part…

Introduction Climate change is a contemporary phenomenon of a grave concern to the global public health. Climate change events like extreme heat, rising sea levels, floods, food …

Access to critical flood risk information is often limited by expert-driven workflows that require specialized software, creating a barrier to stakeholder engagement and effective…

Coastal wetlands play a substantial role in regulating Earth’s climate through exchanges of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Current European policies promote widespread coastal wetland r…

Extraordinary wildfires – defined by anomalous fire behaviour, physical attributes, paleo-ecological context, spatiotemporal scales, or consequences – have emerged as defining fea…

This study introduces an expert-guided application for clustering production wells using Machine Learning (ML), focusing on the Volve and Norne Field datasets to optimise reservoi…

Vegetation growth in coastal environments plays an important role in shaping coastal morphology (Kirwan et al., 2016; Kleinhans et al., 2018; Mariotti & Fagherazzi, 2010; Schw…

Discernible differences in global climate responses under varying greenhouse gas emission scenarios are commonly assumed to emerge only after 20 to 30 years. Here we show that mi…

This paper presents a spatially explicit method for evaluating urban accessibility using anonymised mobile phone origin-destination data combined with GTFS-based public transport …

Hydroinformatics education has traditionally been constrained by pedagogical approaches that fail to adequately convey the complexity of water systems. Virtual Reality (VR) presen…

The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water. It is critical for regional trade through the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), which links South-Ea…

There is increasing interest in extracting critical minerals (CM), including rare earth elements (REE), from coals in the United States to address the overreliance on imported REE…

We conducted a nationwide ecological time-series study to quantify the association between ambient temperature and respiratory mortality across Brazil's diverse climates. Using da…

Global food security faces increasing challenges under climate change, making accurate monitoring of wheat (*Triticum aestivum*) critical. This study presents an explainable machi…

Characterizing earthquake size distributions using the Gutenberg-Richter (GR) law is ubiquitous in seismology. According to the GR law, earthquake magnitudes follow an exponential…

Temperate glaciers, characterized by ice at the pressure melting point and the coexistence of solid and liquid water, are generally considered unsuitable as natural archives becau…

Recent sub-ice topography investigations have imaged with greatly improved detail a set of low-elevation V- shaped basins hidden beneath a very large sector of the East Antarctic …

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a dominant source of global inter annual climate variability, yet its long-term influence on food security remains poorly understood. Dr…

Turbulent mixing over rough topography shapes abyssal ocean dynamics, yet a gap between large- and small-scale models underscores the need to connect processes across scales. Usin…

Luminescence dating using quartz is generally carried out using the single aliquot regeneration (SAR) protocol (Murray et al., 2021; Murray and Wintle, 2000). Singhvi et al. (2011…

Dairy production is a key component of global food systems, providing essential nutrients and supporting rural livelihoods, but it is increasingly exposed to heat stress under cli…

Rare earth elements (REE) are critical raw materials due to their essential role in modern technologies. In regolith-hosted REE (RH-REE) deposits a substantial fraction of the REE…