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Showing 151 to 200 of 5157 works
River inflow dominates methane emissions in an Arctic coastal system
Measurements of greenhouse gases in Arctic waters are strongly biased toward low-ice summer conditions, with few observations during periods of seasonal ice retreat. We present a …
Lessons for Machine Learning from the Analysis of Porosity-Permeability Transforms for Carbonate Reservoirs
Prediction of permeability is one of the most difficult aspects of reservoir characterization because permeability cannot be directly measured by current well logging technology. …
The 2018 Fiji Mw 8.2 and 7.9 deep earthquakes: one doublet in two slabs
The cold Fiji-Tonga subduction zone accounts for >75% of cataloged deep earthquakes but none of the largest ten in the last century. On 19 August 2018 and 06 September 2018, a …
Redshift of Earthquakes via Focused Blind Deconvolution of Teleseisms
We present a robust factorization of the teleseismic waveforms resulting from an earthquake source into signals that originate from the source and signals that characterize the pa…
Making mountains on Earth and beyond
Many of Earth’s mountains are formed in orogenic belts aligned along plate margins. Their altitudes (reaching >8,000 m above sea level in the Himalayas) are the result of the b…
Magnetotelluric multiscale 3-D inversion reveals crustal and upper mantle structure beneath the Hangai and Gobi-Altai r…
Central Mongolia is a prominent region of intracontinental surface deformation and intraplate volcanism. To study these processes, which are poorly understood, we collected magnet…
Noise-derived broadband full Green functions for a radially layered Earth
The emerging noise correlation technique provides a way to approximate the Green function of medium with the correlation function between ambient noise wavefields. It has been rec…
The sensitivity of estimates of multiphase fluid and solid properties of porous rocks to image processing
X-ray microcomputed tomography X-ray microCT) is a rapidly advancing technology that has been successfully employed to study flow phenomena in porous media. It offers an alternati…
Skillful multiyear predictions of ocean acidification in the California Current System
The California Current System (CCS) sustains economically valuable fisheries and is particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, due to the natural upwelling of corrosive water…
Evolution of the melt source during protracted crustal anatexis; an example from the Bhutan Himalaya
The chemical compositions of growth zones of magmatic zircon provide powerful insight into evolving magma compositions due to their ability to record both time and the local chemi…
Lower threshold for marsh drowning suggests loss of microtidal marshes regardless of sediment supply
Salt marshes are simultaneously among the most valuable and vulnerable ecosystems in the world. We use a simplified formulation for sediment transport across marshes to explain wh…
Four-dimensional Variability of Composite Halokinetic Sequences
The architecture of salt diapir-flank strata (i.e. halokinetic sequences) is controlled by the interplay between volumetric diapiric flux and sediment accumulation rate. Halokinet…
Relative Dispersion in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
We present an analysis of relative dispersion and associated metrics from the RAFOS float observations collected during the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southe…
Deep and rapid thermo-mechanical erosion by a small-volume lava flow
We document remarkably efficient thermo-mechanical erosion by a small-volume lava flow. Downcutting by a basaltic-andesite lava flow on the steep-sided Momotombo volcano, Nicaragu…
Machine learning on field data for hydraulic fracturing design optimization
Growing amount of fracturing stimulation jobs in the recent two decades resulted in a significant amount of measured data available for construction of predictive models via machi…
Crack to pulse transition and magnitude statistics during earthquake cycles on a self-similar rough fault
Faults in nature demonstrate fluctuations from planarity at most length scales that are relevant for earthquake dynamics. These fluctuations may influence all stages of the seismi…
Asperity failure control of stick-slip along brittle faults
Stick-slips are spontaneous, unstable slip events during which a natural or man-made system transitions from a strong, sticking stage to a weaker, slipping stage. Stick-slips were…
Metastable olivine wedge beneath the Japan Sea imaged by seismic interferometry
The metastable olivine wedge (MOW) within subducted slabs has long been hypothesized to host deep-focus earthquakes (>300 km). Its presence would also rule out hydrous slabs be…
Non-stationary teleconnection between the Pacific Ocean and Arctic sea ice
Over the last 40 years observations show a teleconnection between summertime Pacific Ocean sea-surface temperatures and September Arctic sea-ice extent. However, the short satelli…
Redox-informed models of global biogeochemical cycles
Microbial activity mediates the global flow of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements, including climatically significant gases. However, non-photosynthetic microbial activi…
Deep Low-Frequency Earthquakes Associated with the Eruptions of Shinmoe-dake in Kirishima Volcanoes
Deep low-frequency (DLF) earthquakes occur beneath the Kirishima volcanoes in southwest Japan at depths of 10–30 km. In this study, we aim to reveal the relationship between DLF e…
Climate change resilient agricultural practices: A learning experience from indigenous communities over India
The impact of climate change on agricultural practices is rising question marks on future food security of billions of people in tropical and sub-tropical region. Recently introdu…
Controls of River Dynamics on Residence Time and Biogeochemical Reactions of Hydrological Exchange Flows in A Regulated…
Residence Time Distributions (RTDs) exerts an important control on biogeochemical translations in watershed systems. RTDs tend to follow time-invariant exponential, lognormal, or …
The water planetary boundary: interrogation and revision
The planetary boundaries framework has proven useful for many global sustainability contexts, but is challenging to apply to freshwater, which is spatially heterogeneous, part of …
Does a damaged fault zone mitigate the near-field landslide risk during supershear earthquakes?—Application to the 2018…
The impact of earthquakes can be severely aggravated by cascading secondary hazards. The 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu, Indonesia earthquake led to devastating tsunamis and landslides, while t…
Grain-scale deformation mechanisms and evolution of porosity in experimentally deformed Boom Clay
Boom Clay is a soft, slightly overconsolidated, uncemented claystone considered as potential host material for a radioactive waste repository in Belgium. We studied the evolution …
Integrating the water planetary boundary with water management from local to global scales
The planetary boundaries framework defines the ‘safe operating space for humanity’ represented by nine global processes which can destabilize the Earth System if perturbed. The wa…
Research trends in the use of remote sensing for inland water quality science: Moving towards multidisciplinary applica…
Remote sensing approaches to measuring inland water quality date back nearly 50 years to the beginning of the satellite era. Over this time span, hundreds of peer reviewed public…
An empirical approach to estimating hydrocarbon column heights for improved pre-drill volume prediction in hydrocarbon…
Estimating pre-drill volumes in hydrocarbon exploration involves dealing with geological and technical uncertainties. The prediction of the hydrocarbon column height is widely rec…
Key controls on hydrocarbon retention and leakage from structural traps in the Hammerfest Basin, SW Barents Sea: implic…
Evidence of hydrocarbon leakage has been well documented across the SW Barents Sea and is commonly associated with exhumation in the Cenozoic. However, further study is required t…
The North American hydrologic cycle through the last deglaciation
While the climate evolution of North America during the last deglaciation has received considerable attention, few detailed model–data comparisons of the deglacial hydroclimate ha…
Submarine drainage distribution and main sediment transfer pathways along the Brazilian continental margin
We mapped the main drainage systems using the available regional bathymetric grids in order to understand the canyon and channel distribution along the margin and identify the …
Thermal and magnetic evolution of a crystallizing basal magma ocean in Earths mantle
We present the thermochemical evolution of a downward crystallizing BMO overlying the liquid outer core and probe its capability to dissipate enough power to generate and sustain …
Mechanisms controlling fluid break-up and reconnection during two-phase flow in porous media
The use of Darcys law to describe steady-state multiphase flow in porous media has been justified by the assumption that the fluids flow in continuously connected pathways. Howev…
Machine Learning Reveals the Seismic Signature of Eruptive Behavior at Piton de la Fournaise Volcano
Volcanic tremor is key to our understanding of active magmatic systems but, due to its complexity, there is still a debate concerning its origins and how it can be used to charact…
Holocene relative sea-level changes and glacial isostatic adjustment of the U.S. Atlantic coast
The first quality-controlled Holocene sea-level database for the U.S. Atlantic coast has been constructed from 686 sea-level indicators. The database documents a decreasing rate o…
An introduction to seismic diffraction
Despite its unique properties the diffracted seismic wavefield is still rarely exploited in common practice. Although the first works on seismic diffraction date back at least as …
Canopy structure explains the relationship between photosynthesis and sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in crops
Remote sensing of far-red sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has emerged as an important tool for studying gross primary productivity (GPP) at the global scale. However, t…
Repeated degradation and progradation of a submarine slope over geological timescales
Submarine slopes prograde via accretion of sediment to clinoform foresets, and degrade in response to channel or canyon incision, or mass-wasting processes. The timescales over wh…
Mercury loading within the Selenga River Basin and Lake Baikal, Siberia
Mercury (Hg) loading in Lake Baikal, a UNESCO world heritage site, is growing and poses a serious health concern to the lake’s ecosystem due to the ability of Hg to transform into…
Visualizing the Availability of Temporally Structured Sensor Data
With the development of new sensor technologies and the standardization of sensor data formats, sensor data from different sources becomes available for many applications. A cruci…
A GEO label for the Sensor Web
The GEO label is a visual metadata summary that is designed to improve understandability of geospatial metadata. The amount of sensor data collected via and published in Sensor We…
How do deep-water volcanoes grow?
Deep-water volcanoes are emplaced in water depths >1.0 km and are widespread along continental margins and in ocean basins. Whilst the external morphology of deep-water volcano…
Representative elementary volumes, hysteresis and heterogeneity in multiphase flow from the pore to continuum scale
Representative elementary volumes (REVs) and heterogeneity are key concepts in continuum multiphase flow, yet their manifestation from the pore-scale and associated impacts with t…
The Community Code Verification Exercise for Simulating Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip (SEAS)
Numerical simulations of Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip (SEAS) have made great progress over the past decades to address important questions in earthquake physics and …
An image- and BET-based Monte-Carlo approach to determine mineral accessible surface areas in sandstones
Accessible surface areas (ASAs) of individual rock-forming minerals exert a fundamental control on how minerals react with formation fluids. However, due to lacking adequate quant…
Controls on the development and termination of failed continental rifts: Insights from the crustal structure and riftin…
The mid to lower crust plays an important role in rift initiation and evolution, particularly when large scale sutures and/or terrane boundaries are present. These inherited featu…
Dislocation interactions during low-temperature plasticity of olivine strengthen the lithospheric mantle
The strength of the lithosphere is typically modelled based on constitutive equations for steady-state flow. However, models of lithospheric flexure reveal differences in lithosp…
NSB: an expanded and improved database of marine planktonic microfossil data and deep-sea stratigraphy
Thirty years ago, the Neptune Database was created to synthesize microfossil occurrences from the deep-sea drilling record. It has been used in numerous studies by both biologists…
Skillful seasonal prediction of key carbon cycle components: NPP and fire risk
Seasonal forecasts of global CO₂ concentrations rely on the well-documented relationship with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), combined with estimated anthropogenic emissi…
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