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Showing 101 to 150 of 5157 works
Coherent streamflow variability in Monsoon Asia over the past eight centuries---links to oceanic drivers
The Monsoon Asia region is home to ten of the world’s biggest rivers, supporting the lives of 1.7 billion people who rely on streamflow for water, energy, and food. Yet, a synopti…
Logarithmic growth of dikes from a depressurizing magma chamber
Dike propagation is an intrinsically multiphase problem, where deformation and fluid flow are intricately coupled in a fracture process. Here we perform the first fully-coupled si…
Directionality of ambient noise in the Mississippi embayment
Cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise from 277 broadband stations within the Mississippi embayment (ME) with at least 1-month of recording time between 1990 and 2018 are use…
Three-scale multiphysics finite element framework (FE3) modelling fault reactivation
Fluid injection or production in petroleum reservoirs affects the reservoir stresses such that it can even sometime reactivate dormant faults in the vicinity. In the particular ca…
Low-cost electronic sensors for environmental research: pitfalls and opportunities
Repeat observations underpin our understanding of environmental processes but financial constraints often limit scientists’ ability to deploy dense networks of conventional commer…
Ancient subducted oceans controlling the positioning of deep mantle plumes
Seismic imaging of the Earths interior reveals plumes originating from relatively hot regions of the lower mantle, surrounded by cooler material thought to be remnants of ancient …
Logjams are not jammed: measurements of log motions in Big Creek, Idaho
Colloquially, a "logjam" indicates a kinematic arrest of movement. Taken literally, it refers to a type of dense accumulation of wood in rivers widely recognized as bestowing nume…
A note on the instability and pattern formation of shrinkage cracks in viscoplastic soils
In this note we present a theoretical study on the conditions for the onset of cracks, as well as the corresponding pattern formation, in saturated viscoplastic soils under isotro…
Pore network model predictions of Darcy-scale multiphase flow heterogeneity validated by experiments
Small-scale heterogeneities in multiphase flow properties fundamentally control the flow of fluids from very small to very large scales in geologic systems. Inability to character…
Growth, overprinting, and stabilization of Proterozoic Provinces in the southern Lake Superior region
New geochronologic data in the southern Lake Superior region provide key information on the timing and nature of tectonic activity that pre-and post-date initial Paleoproterozoic …
Nowcasting submarine slope instability at local, margin, and global scales using machine learning
Submarine slope instability (SSI) is a broad term for events ranging from 100 km3 instantaneous open slope failures on continental margins to 0.001 km3 creeping mudflows on heavil…
Chemical versus mechanical denudation in meta-clastic and carbonate bedrock catchments on Crete, Greece, and mechanisms…
On Crete — as is common elsewhere in the Mediterranean — carbonate massifs form high mountain ranges whereas topography is lower in areas with meta-clastic rocks. This observation…
On the statistical significance of foreshock sequences in Southern California
Earthquake foreshocks may provide information that is critical to short-term earthquake forecasting. However, foreshocks are far from ubiquitously observed, which makes the interp…
Equifinality, Sloppiness, and emergent model structures of mechanistic soil biogeochemical models
Biogeochemical models increasingly consider the microbial control of car- bon cycling in soil. The major current challenge is to validate mechanistic descriptions of microbial pro…
The global lake area, climate, and population dataset
An increasing population in conjunction with a changing climate necessitates a detailed understanding of water abundance at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Remote sensing ha…
Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Current are synchronized
Observational records show that sea surface temperatures along the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio tend to synchronize at decadal time scales. This synchronization, which we refer to as …
Neogene-Recent Reactivation of Jurassic-age Faults in Southern Vietnam, with Implications for the Extrusion of Indochina
Onshore Vietnam contains a complex series of faults coupled with a diffuse igneous province that has been active since the mid-Miocene. However, there are several conflicting faul…
Detection and temperature estimation of gas flares with nocturnal Landsat OLI
Natural gas flaring is a worldwide polluting activity carried out during oil production. Satellite imagery has emerged as a low-cost, objective tool to measure and monitor gas fla…
The variation and visualisation of elastic anisotropy in rock-forming minerals
All minerals behave elastically, a rheological property that controls their ability to support stress, strain and pressure, the nature of acoustic wave propagation and influences …
A unique bacteriohopanetetrol stereoisomer of marine anammox
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a significant process for bioavailable nitrogen removal from marine systems. A bacteriohopanetetrol (BHT) isomer, with unknown stereochem…
The Earthquake Arrest Zone
Earthquake ruptures are generally considered to be cracks that propagate as fracture or frictional slip on preexisting faults. Crack models have been used to describe the spatial …
Pre-deliquescent water uptake in deposited nanoparticles observed with in situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spe…
In this work we study the adsorption, or uptake, of water onto deposited inorganic sodium chloride and organic malonic acid and sucrose nanoparticles at low relative humidities fr…
Deep Unsupervised 4D Seismic 3D Time-Shift Estimation with Convolutional Neural Networks
We present a novel 3D warping technique for the estimation of 4D seismic time-shift. This unsupervised method provides a diffeomorphic 3D time shift field that includes uncertaint…
Constructing statutory energy goal compliant wind and solar PV infrastructure pathways
Concerns over climate change have led governments around the world to establish a range of renewable, low-carbon energy goals. Plans for meeting these targets vary widely in their…
Observing Rivers with Varying Spatial Scales
The NASA/CNES Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will estimate global river discharge using remote sensing. Synoptic remote sensing data extends in situ point measu…
Did deglaciation of the Greenland ice sheet cause a large earthquake and tsunami around 10,600 years ago?
Due to their large mass, ice sheets induce significant stresses in the Earth’s crust. Stress release during deglaciation can trigger large-magnitude earthquakes, as indicated by s…
Crustal structure of Sri Lanka derived from joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions using a B…
We study the crustal structure of Sri Lanka by analyzing data from a temporary seismic network deployed in 2016--2017 to shed light on the amalgamation process from a geophysical …
Does fluvial channel belt clustering predict net sand to gross rock volume? Architectural metrics and point pattern ana…
Spatial point-pattern analyses (PPAs) are used to quantify clustering, randomness, and uniformity of the distribution of channel belts in fluvial strata. Point patterns may reflec…
A Speed Limit on Ice Shelf Collapse through Hydrofracture
Increasing surface melt has been implicated in the collapse of several Antarctic ice shelves over the last few decades, including the collapse of Larsen B Ice Shelf over a period …
Surface faulting earthquake clustering controlled by fault and shear-zone interactions
Surface faulting earthquakes are known to cluster in time, from historical and palaeoseismic studies, but the mechanism(s) responsible for clustering, such as fault interaction, s…
Verifying pore network models of imbibition in rocks using time-resolved synchrotron imaging
At the pore scale, slow invasion of a wetting fluid in porous materials is often modelled with quasi-static approximations which only consider capillary forces in the form of simp…
Another look at the treatment of data uncertainty in Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion and other probabilistic methods
In probabilistic Bayesian inversions, data uncertainty is a crucial parameter for quantifying the uncertainties and correlations of the resulting model parameters or, in transdime…
On the difficulties of being rigorous in environmental geochemistry studies: some recommendations for designing an impa…
There have been numerous environmental geochemistry studies using chemical, geological, ecological and toxicological methods but each of these fields requires more subject special…
Machine Learning for Inferring CO2 Fluxes: The New Metaphysics of Neural Nets
The advent of direct high-resolution global surface measurements of CO2 from the recently launched NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) satellite offers an opportunity to impr…
Over 1000 rivers accountable for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean
Plastic waste increasingly accumulates in the marine environment, but data on the distribution and quantification of riverine sources, required for development of effective mitiga…
PYRENAIC ROCK GLACIERS: AN AIRBORNE AND MULTITEMPORAL LiDAR MONITORING CASE STUDY IN THE BESIBERRI AREA
The monitoring of rock glaciers is a current subject of interest because of its application as permafrost indicator and its sensitivity to climatic changes (especially temperature…
Inheritance of penetrative basement anisotropies by extension-oblique faults: Insights from analogue experiments
During rifting, pre-existing penetrative basement fabrics can affect new faults in cover rocks by a mechanism that does not appear to involve reactivation. This subtle form of inh…
Intermittent fluid connectivity during two-phase flow in a heterogeneous carbonate rock
Subsurface fluid flow is ubiquitous in nature, and understanding the interaction of multiple fluids as they flow within a porous medium is central to many geological, environmenta…
Network topology and rainfall controls on the variability of combined sewer overflows and loads
Water and pollutant fluxes from combined sewer overflows (CSO) have a significant impact on receiving waters. The random nature of rainfall forcing dominates the variability of se…
Major-element composition of sediments in terms of weathering and provenance: Implications for crustal recycling
The elemental composition of a sediment is set by the composition of its protolith and modified by weathering, sorting, and diagenesis. An important problem is deconvolving these …
Dynamic fault parameters preprint
The behavior of faults under dynamic loading reflects the response of the shape and composition of the fault to the applied mechanical loading and environmental conditions. The in…
Complex Rupture of an Immature Fault Zone: A Simultaneous Kinematic Model of the 2019 Ridgecrest, CA Earthquakes
The July 4, 2019 Mw6.4 and subsequent July 6, 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest Sequence earthquakes ruptured orthogonal fault planes in the Little Lake Fault Zone, a low slip rate (1 mm/yr) …
Distributed normal faulting in the tip zone of the South Alkyonides Fault System, Gulf of Corinth, constrained using 36…
In order to investigate the geometry, rates and kinematics of active faulting in the region close to the tip of a major crustal-scale normal fault in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, …
Investigating potential icequakes at Llaima volcano, Chile
Glacially- and magmatically-derived seismic events have been noted to heavily overlap in characteristics, thus there exists the potential for false-alarms or missed warnings at ic…
Pre-breakup extension in the northern North Sea defined by complex strain partitioning and heterogeneous extension rates
The early stages of continental rifting are accommodated by the growth of upper-crustal normal fault systems that are distributed relatively evenly across the rift width. Numerous…
Rotation, narrowing, and preferential reactivation of brittle structures during oblique rifting
Occurrence of multiple faults populations with contrasting orientations in oblique continental rifts and passive margins has long sparked debate about relative timing of deformati…
Linking the evolution of terrestrial interiors and an early outgassed atmosphere to astrophysical observations
A terrestrial planet is molten during formation and may remain molten due to intense insolation or tidal forces. Observations favour the detection and characterisation of hot plan…
Rock strength and structural controls on fluvial erodibility: implications for drainage divide mobility in a collision…
Numerical model simulations and experiments have suggested that when migration of the main drainage divide occurs in a mountain belt, it can lead to the rearrangement of river cat…
Plate tectonics drive deep biosphere microbial community structure
The deep subsurface is one of Earth’s largest biomes. Here, microorganisms modify volatiles moving between the deep and surface Earth. However, it is unknown whether large-scale t…
“Conjugate margins” – An oversimplification of the complex southern North Atlantic rift and spreading system?
The prevalence of conjugate margin terminology and studies in the scientific literature is testimony to the contribution that this concept and approach has made to the study of pa…
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