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Showing 601 to 650 of 5157 works
Dynamics of ITCZ width: Ekman processes, non-Ekman processes and links to sea-surface temperature
The dynamical processes controlling the width of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) are investigated using idealized simulations. ITCZ width is defined in terms of boundary…
How do variably striking faults reactivate during rifting? Insights from southern Malawi
This manuscript is a post-print deposited on the EarthArXiv platform that has been published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Crustal extension is commonly thought to be a…
Are U-Th dates correlated with historical records of earthquakes? Constraints from co-seismic carbonate veins within th…
U-Th dating of carbonate veins in connection with active tectonics has recently been used as an attractive tool for constraining the absolute timing of late Quaternary crustal def…
Assessing the Impact of Storm Drains at Road Embankments on Diffuse Particulate Phosphorus Emissions in Agricultural Ca…
This study presents a simple mapping key suitable for quick and systematic assessments of the types of agricultural and civil engineering structures present in a certain agricultu…
Ionospheric Correction of InSAR Time Series Analysis of C-band Sentinel-1 TOPS Data
The Copernicus Sentinel-1A/B satellites operating at C-band in TOPS mode bring unprecedented opportunities for measuring large-scale tectonic motions using interferometric synthet…
Supraglacial pond evolution in the Everest region, central Himalaya, 2015-2018.
Supraglacial ponds are characteristic of debris-covered glaciers and can greatly enhance local melt rates. They can grow rapidly and coalesce to form proglacial lakes, presenting …
Explosive eruptions with little warning: Experimental petrology and geodetic observations from the 2014 eruption of Kel…
Explosive eruptions that occur with little or no precursory unrest pose the greatest hazards from volcanoes to nearby populations. Here we focus on the pre-eruptive conditions for…
Earthquakes within Earthquakes: Patterns in Rupture Complexity
Earthquake source time functions carry information about the complexity of seismic rupture. We explore databases of source time functions of earthquakes and find that source time …
Interactions between glacier dynamics, ice structure, and climate at Fjallsjökul, south-east Iceland
Over recent decades, the number of outlet glaciers terminating in lakes in Iceland has increased in line with climate warming. The mass-balance changes of these lake-terminating o…
The organic component of the earliest sulfur cycling
The chemistry of the Early Earth is widely inferred from the elemental and isotopic compositions of sulfidic sedimentary rocks, which are presumed to have formed globally through …
Supraglacial pond evolution in the Everest region, central Himalaya, 2015-2018.
Supraglacial ponds are characteristic of debris-covered glaciers and can greatly enhance local melt rates. They can grow rapidly and coalesce to form proglacial lakes, presenting …
A new crustal fault formed the modern Corinth Rift
This review shows how collective analysis of morphotectonic elements on uplifting rift margins can constrain the mechanical behaviour of continents during early rifting. This is s…
Forearc high uplift by lower crustal flow during growth of the Cyprus-Anatolian margin
We present a model for the dynamic formation of the forearc high of southern Anatolia where sedimentation in the forearc basin leads to thermally-activated deformation in the lowe…
Geometry of flexural uplift by continental rifting in Corinth, Greece
Understanding early rifting of continental lithosphere requires accurate descriptions of up-bended rift margins and footwalls that correlate in space and time with the elastic fle…
Transient rivers characterize evolving crustal-scale flexure in the Corinth Rift
Crustal elastic flexure on the flanks of rift-forming faults is a key feature to characterize continental rifting processes that can be resolved by means of transient river draina…
Anticline growth by shortening during crustal exhumation of the Moroccan Atlantic margin
It is unclear how the crustal-scale erosional exhumation of continental domains of the Moroccan Atlantic margin and the excessive subsidence of its rifted domains affected the Lat…
Seismic and aseismic fault growth lead to different fault orientations
Orientations of natural fault systems are subject to large variations. They often contradict classical Andersonian faulting theory as they are misoriented relative to the prevaili…
Cooperative chemical-mechanical interactions during ion exchange promote rotational ordering in hydrated montmorillonite
Ion exchange in clays plays a major role in water, nutrient, and contaminant storage and transport in clay-rich media including soils, sediments, and suspensions. Here, we show th…
Correspondence: The Taupo eruption occurred in 232 ± 10 CE, and not later
The Taupo eruption deposit is an isochronous marker bed that spans much of New Zealand’s North Island and pre-dates human arrival. Holdaway et al. (2018, Nature Comms 9, 4110) pro…
‘Trapping and binding’: A review of the factors controlling the development of fossil agglutinated microbialites and th…
Trapping and binding of allochthonous grains by benthic microbial communities has been considered a fundamental process of microbialite accretion since its discovery in popular sh…
Utilising the flexible generation potential of tidal range power plants to optimise economic value
Tidal range renewable power plants have the capacity to deliver predictable energy to the electricity grid, subject to the known variability of the tides. Tidal power plants inher…
Neoproterozoic glacial origin of the Great Unconformity
The Great Unconformity, a profound gap in Earths stratigraphic record often evident below the base of the Cambrian system, has remained among the most enigmatic field observations…
Characterizing user-defined objects from outcrop and modern system interpretations for stochastic object-based reservoi…
Outcrops and modern depositional environments are important analogues for subsurface hydrocarbon-, water- or CO2-sequestration reservoirs, as they supplement limited well- and sei…
Structural evolution and medium-temperature thermochronology of central Madagascar: implications for Gondwana amalgamat…
Madagascar occupied an important place in the amalgamation of Gondwana and preserves a record of several Neoproterozoic events that are linked to orogenesis of the East African Or…
Buoyancy driven distributed chaos and ensemble weather forecasting
It is shown, using results of direct numerical simulations, that strong thermal convection in horizontal layer and on a hemisphere can be well described by the distributed chaos a…
Development of an inversion method to extract information on fault geometry from teleseismic data
Teleseismic waveforms contain information on fault slip evolution during an earthquake, as well as on the fault geometry. A linear finite-fault inversion method is a tool for solv…
Impulsive source of the 2017, Mw =7.3, Ezgeleh, Iran, earthquake
On November 12th 2017, a MW =7.3 earthquake struck near the Iranian town of Ezgeleh, close to the Iran-Iraq border. This event was located within the Zagros fold and thrust belt w…
Wet rice cultivation was the primary cause of the earthquake-triggered Palu landslides
The death toll and economic impact of an earthquake are greatly exacerbated when landslides are triggered by strong ground motion. These slides typically occur in two different co…
Long-term and inter-annual mass changes in the Iceland ice cap determined from GRACE gravity
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites have measured anomalies in the Earth’s time-variable gravity field since 2002, allowing for the measurement of the m…
A New Method for Simultaneously Determining The Magnitude And Orientation of SHmax And Rock Strength Using Wellbore Fai…
Forward constraining of the magnitude of SHmax on a stress polygon using wellbore failures observed from deviated wells requires the orientation of SHmax known a priori. This orie…
A test case for application of convolutional neural networks to spatio-temporal climate data: Re-identifying clustered …
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can potentially provide powerful tools for classifying and identifying patterns in climate and environmental data. However, because of the inh…
Methane bursts as a trigger for intermittent lake-forming climates on post-Noachian Mars
Lakes existed on Mars later than 3.6 billion years ago, according to sedimentary evidence for deltaic deposition. The observed fluvio-lacustrine deposits suggest that individual l…
Persistent or repeated surface habitability on Mars during the Late Hesperian - Amazonian
Large alluvial fan deposits on Mars record relatively recent habitable surface conditions (≲3.5 Ga, Late Hesperian – Amazonian). We find net sedimentation rate <(4-8) μm/yr in …
Seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing and wastewater disposal in the Appalachian Basin, USA - a review
Eastern Ohio is an area of North America where a significant increase in seismicity rate was noted in the early 2010s. This increase has been associated with intensification of un…
Differential Depletion-Induced 3D Stress Modification in Fault-Bounded Reservoirs and Implications for Fault Stability …
Depletion-induced faulting has been documented in a number of hydrocarbon reservoirs. This type of faulting has mostly been attributed to poroelastic effects: in-situ horizontal s…
Hydromechanical–Stochastic Modeling of Fluid-Induced Seismicity in Fractured Poroelastic Media
We present a new method for modeling fluid-perturbation induced seismicity in a fluid-saturated poroelastic medium embedded with a dual network of fractures. The inter-seismic tri…
GARPOS: analysis software for the GNSS-A seafloor positioning with simultaneous estimation of sound speed structure
Global Navigation Satellite System – Acoustic ranging combined seafloor geodetic technique (GNSS-A) has extended the geodetic observation network into the ocean. The key issue for…
Computing single-particle flotation kinetics using automated mineralogy data and machine learning
Studies of flotation kinetics are essential for understanding, predicting, and optimizing the selective recovery of minerals and metals through flotation. Recently, much effort ha…
Quantification of non-linear multiphase flow in porous media
We measure the pressure difference during two-phase flow across a sandstone sample for a range of injection rates and fractional flows of water, the wetting phase, during an imbib…
Identifying and correcting the World War 2 warm anomaly in sea surface temperature measurements
Most foregoing estimates of historical sea surface temperature (SST) feature warmer global-average SSTs during World War 2 well in excess of climate-model predictions. This warm …
Correcting 19th and 20th century sea surface temperatures improves simulations of Atlantic hurricane activity
Changes in the statistics of North Atlantic hurricanes are known to depend upon the pattern of tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Dynamical and statistical models are key …
An Integrated Flood Risk Assessment and Mitigation Framework: Middle Cedar River Basin Case Study
Property buyout is one of the most frequently preferred flood mitigation applications by decision-makers for long-term risk reduction. Due to its high-level funding requirements a…
A unifying basis for the interplay of stress and chemical processes in the Earth: support from diverse experiments
The Earth is under stress on all scales from individual grains to the entire crust and mantle. Mineral reactions, including pressure solution and diffusion creep, occur in that co…
The Ediacaran Grenville dykes (SE Canada) reveal the weakest sustained palaeomagnetic field on record.
Long-term variations of the geomagnetic field, observed in the palaeomagnetic record, have the potential to shed much light on the evolution of Earth’s deep interior. With a geoma…
A prototype for a Multi-GNSS orbit combination
Since 1994, the International GNSS Service (IGS) provides a combination of orbit and clock offset products from its different Analysis Centers. These products are used as input by…
Comment: The effect of post-conflict transition on deforestation in protected areas in Colombia
A recent study on Colombian protected areas has found an increase in deforestation after ending armed conflict. The authors propose several drivers behind this trend and take thei…
Structure of the North Anatolian Fault Zone imaged via teleseismic scattering tomography
Information on fault zone structure is essential for our understanding of earthquake mechanics, continental deformation and our understanding of seismic hazard. We use the scatter…
Quantitative estimates of average geomagnetic axial dipole dominance in deep geological time
A defining characteristic of the recent geomagnetic field is its dominant axial dipole which provides its navigational utility and dictates the shape of the magnetosphere. Going b…
The 23 June 2020, Mw 7.4 La Crucecita, Oaxaca, Mexico earthquake and tsunami: A Rapid Response Field Survey during COVI…
The 23 June 2020 La Crucecita earthquake occurred at 10:29 hr on the coast of Oaxaca in a Mw 7.4 megathrust event at 22.6 km depth, and triggered a tsunami recorded at Huatulco an…
Use of geochemical and ecotoxicological approaches to evaluate sediment quality in differentially-contaminated, legally…
We compared sediment quality in estuaries at three locations along the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, using geochemical analyses and whole sediment toxicity tests, performed du…
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