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Abstract. The cycling of carbon in the oceans is affected by feedbacks driven by changes in climate and atmospheric CO2. Understanding these feedbacks is therefore an important pr…

Abstract. Previous phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) have primarily focused on simulations driven by atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs)…

Abstract. Wetland emissions remain one of the principal sources of uncertainty in the global atmospheric methane (CH4) budget, largely due to poorly constrained process controls o…

Abstract. With an increase in the number of natural processes represented, global land surface models (LSMs) have become more and more accurate in representing natural terrestrial…

Abstract. The Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) is the interactive vegetation component in the Earth system model of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analys…

Abstract. Boreal forests of Siberia play a relevant role in the global carbon cycle. However, global warming threatens the existence of summergreen larch-dominated ecosystems, lik…

Abstract. Atmospheric boundary layers and other wall-bounded flows are often simulated with the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique, which relies on subgrid-scale (SGS) models t…

Abstract. The Finite Element Sea Ice-Ocean Model (FESOM) is the first global ocean general circulation model based on unstructured-mesh methods that has been developed for the pur…

Abstract. The COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) is a diagnostic model intercomparison project (MIP) in CMIP6. CORDEX builds on a foundation of previous downscal…

Abstract. Some studies show that significant uncertainties affect emission inventories, which may impeach conclusions based on air-quality model results. These uncertainties resul…

Abstract. The amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface can be highly determined by atmospheric aerosols, which have been pointed to as the most uncertain climate for…

Abstract. Snow water equivalent (SWE), as one of the land initial or boundary conditions, plays a crucial role in global or regional energy and water balance, thereby exerting a c…

Abstract. This paper describes a new gas optical depth parameterisation implemented in the most recent release, version 13, of the radiative transfer model RTTOV (Radiative Transf…

Abstract. Uncertainty in the dynamics of the Amazon rainforest poses a critical challenge for accurately modeling the global carbon cycle. Current dynamic global vegetation models…

Abstract. This article presents new software for the analysis of global dynamical fields in (re)analyses, weather forecasts and climate models. A new diagnostic tool, developed wi…

Abstract. Four simulations with the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model have been evaluated with the Earth System Model Validation Tool (ESMValTool) to identify differe…

Abstract. The Sea Ice Evaluation Tool (SITool) described in this paper is a performance metrics and diagnostics tool developed to evaluate the skill of Arctic and Antarctic model …

Abstract. A new Community Earth System Model/Modular Ocean Model 6 (CESM/MOM6) ocean-only regional 1/12° configuration of the Caribbean Sea is presented and validated. The model c…

Abstract. Numerical modeling of ice sheet dynamics is a critical tool for projecting future sea level rise. Among all the processes responsible for the loss of mass of the ice she…

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) models are important tools for assessing global SOC distributions and how carbon stocks are affected by climate change. Their performances, how…

Abstract. Owing to the substantial traffic emissions in urban areas, especially near road areas, the concentrations of pollutants, such as ozone (O3) and its precursors, have a la…

Abstract. Soil bacteria known as methanotrophs are the sole biological sink for atmospheric methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas that is responsible for ∼ 20 % of the human-driv…

Abstract. Urban air quality is an important part of human well-being, and its detailed and precise modeling is important for efficient urban planning. In this study the potential …

Abstract. We present the process of and difficulties in acquiring the proper boundary conditions (BCs) for the state-of-the-art large-eddy simulation (LES)-based PALM model system…

Abstract. The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute used the global climate model EC-Earth3 to perform a large ensemble of simulations (SMHI-LENS). It consists of 50 m…

Abstract. This study presents an optimization methodology for reducing the size of an existing monitoring network of the sensors measuring polluting substances in an urban-like en…

Abstract. The numerical model GEOCLIM, a coupled Earth system model for the long-term biogeochemical cycle and climate, has been revised. This new version (v 7.0) allows a flexibl…

Abstract. Emissions of anthropogenic aerosol and their precursors are often prescribed in global aerosol models. Most of these emissions are spatially heterogeneous at model grid …

Abstract. To represent the impact of grazing livestock on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in grasslands, we implement a livestock module into LPJmL5.0-tillage, a global veget…

Abstract. A four-dimensional variational method (4D-Var) is a popular technique for source/sink inversions of atmospheric constituents, but it is not without problems. Using an ic…

Abstract. We apply an optimized method to the adjoint generation of a time-evolving land ice model through algorithmic differentiation (AD). The optimization involves a special tr…

Abstract. The advent of heterogeneous supercomputers with multi-core central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) requires geoscientific codes to be adapte…

Abstract. The size distribution of atmospheric aerosols plays a key role for understanding and quantifying the uncertainties related to aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interac…

Abstract. Ice-shelf–ocean interactions are a major source of freshwater on the Antarctic continental shelf and have a strong impact on ocean properties, ocean circulation and sea …

Abstract. Climate change is expected to have major impacts on land surface and subsurface processes through its expression in the hydrological cycle, but the impacts to any partic…

Abstract. The atmospheric forcing and the heat exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere represent one of the major sources of uncertainty for numerical ocean reconstructions…

Abstract. Numerical integration of multiphase chemical kinetics in atmospheric models is challenging. The underlying system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is stiff and …

Abstract. Geoscientific models are based on geoscientific data; hence, building better models, in the sense of attaining better predictions, often means acquiring additional data.…

Abstract. The Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) provides an interface to couple submodels to a base model via a highly flexible data management facility (Jöckel et al., 2010).…

Abstract. Landslides are the main source of sediment in most mountain ranges. Rivers then act as conveyor belts, evacuating landslide-derived sediment. Sediment dynamics are known…

Abstract. Accurately estimating self-recruitment (SR), which is the fraction of recruits at a location that originated locally, is fundamental to understanding population connecti…

Abstract. Soil properties vary within centimeters, which is not captured by state-of-the-art land-surface models due to their kilometer-scale grid. This mismatch can lead to syste…

Abstract. Robust models of viscoelastic Earth deformation under evolving surface loads underscore many problems in geodynamics and are particularly critical for paleoclimate and s…

Abstract. This study tackles the limited quantification of irregular spatial geochemical anomaly patterns and weak interpretability in deep learning models in geochemical anomaly …

Abstract. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Weather Service (NWS) is on its way to deploying various operational prediction applications using …

Abstract. Correct quantification of coastal cliff erosion requires accurate delineation of the cliff face bounded by the cliff top and base lines. Manual mapping is time consuming…

Abstract. The Canadian Land Surface Scheme and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CLASS-CTEM) together form the land surface component of the Canadian Earth System Model (CanES…

Abstract. A multiscale modeling approach for studying the ocean surface turbulent mixing is explored by coupling an ocean general circulation model (GCM) MPAS-Ocean with the Paral…

Abstract. The marine impacts of climate change on our societies will be largely felt through coastal waters and shelf seas. These impacts involve sectors as diverse as tourism, fi…

Abstract. The ability to monitor, understand, and predict the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon cycle requires the capacity to robustly and coherently synthesize multiple streams…