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Abstract. Vegetation phenology plays a key role in controlling the seasonality of ecosystem processes that modulate carbon, water and energy fluxes between the biosphere and atmos…

Abstract. Binary forecasts of hydroclimatic extremes play a critical part in disaster prevention and risk management. While the recent WeatherBench 2 provides a versatile framewor…

Abstract. The poor treatment (or complete omission) of water vapor transport has been identified as a major limitation suffered by currently available snowpack models. As vapor an…

Abstract. We demonstrate that the proportionality between a deposition flux and a corresponding concentration usually does not hold for ambient aerosol. Therefore the deposition v…

Abstract. The modern state of the mantle and its evolution on geological timescales are of widespread importance for the Earth sciences. For instance, it is generally agreed that …

Abstract. There is an increasing need for simulating the evolution of wildland fires. The realism of the simulation increases by accounting for feedbacks between the fire and the …

Abstract. Cloud microphysics is critical for weather and climate prediction. In this work, we document updates and corrections to the cloud microphysical scheme used in the Commun…

Abstract. This article extends a previous study Seneviratne et al. (2016) to provide regional analyses of changes in climate extremes as a function of projected changes in global …

Abstract. The role of soil microorganisms in regulating soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is of primary importance in the carbon cycle, in particular in the context of globa…

Abstract. West African Sahelian and Sudanian ecosystems provide essential services to people and also play a significant role within the global carbon cycle. However, climate and …

Abstract. We developed a complex Earth system model by coupling terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycle components into the Bergen Climate Model. For this study, we have generated tw…

Abstract. We present and validate a set of equations for representing the atmosphere's large-scale general circulation in an Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC). …

Abstract. We present a major release of the Tomofast-x open-source gravity and magnetic inversion code that incorporates several functionalities enhancing its performance and appl…

Abstract. The penultimate deglaciation (PDG, ∼138–128 thousand years before present, hereafter ka) is the transition from the penultimate glacial maximum (PGM) to the Last Intergl…

Abstract. Data assimilation techniques are one of the most important ways to reduce the uncertainty in atmospheric chemistry model input and improve the model forecast accuracy. I…

Abstract. This study investigates parameter estimation (PE) to enhance climate forecasts of a coupled general circulation model by adjusting the background vertical diffusivity co…

Abstract. Changes in ocean-driven basal melting have a key influence on the stability of ice shelves, the mass loss from the ice sheet, ocean circulation, and global sea level ris…

Abstract. Hector is an open-source reduced-complexity climate–carbon cycle model that models critical Earth system processes on a global and annual basis. Here, we present an upda…

Abstract. The representation of aerosol–cloud interaction in global climate models (GCMs) remains a large source of uncertainty in climate projections. Due to its complexity, prec…

Abstract. Silicate weathering, which is of great importance in regulating the global carbon cycle, has been found to be affected by complicated factors, including climate, tectoni…

Abstract. We have developed an open-source ray-tracing tool for space geodetic techniques. The software uses the geometric optics approximation to calculate the signal travel time…

Abstract. Monotonicity is an important property of remapping operators for coupled weather and climate models. However, it is often challenging to design highly accurate operators…

Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models are used to predict the response of vegetation to climate change. They are essential for planning ecosystem management, understanding ca…

Abstract. MechGen is a software system designed to derive gas-phase reaction mechanisms for reactive organic compounds under atmospherically relevant conditions for use in chemica…

Abstract. A fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–ice model has been used to produce global weather forecasts at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) since November 2017. Current…

Abstract. This paper describes the Python package JuWavelet, which implements the continuous wavelet transform using the Morlet wavelet, which is a popular tool in the geosciences…

Abstract. The ability to model morphological changes on complex, multi-landform coasts over decadal to centennial timescales is essential for sustainable coastal management worldw…

Abstract. Models of coastal barrier geomorphic and ecologic change are valuable tools for understanding and predicting when, where, and how barriers evolve and transition between …

Abstract. This paper describes and analyzes the Reed–Jablonowski (RJ) tropical cyclone (TC) test case used in the 2016 Dynamical Core Model Intercomparison Project (DCMIP2016). Th…

Abstract. Data assimilation methods provide a rigorous statistical framework for constraining parametric uncertainty in land surface models (LSMs), which in turn helps to improve …

Abstract. Marine biological production as well as the associated biotic uptake of carbon in many ocean regions depends on the availability of nutrients in the euphotic zone. While…

Abstract. Accurate description of the wind energy input into ocean waves is crucial to ocean wave modeling and a physics-based consideration on the effect of wave breaking is abso…

Abstract. The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), a sensor-based radiative transfer model, has been used within the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system for dir…

Abstract. Over the last few years, multivariate bias correction methods have been developed to adjust spatial and/or inter-variable dependence properties of climate simulations. M…

Abstract. More than half of the Earth's population depends largely or entirely on fractured or karst aquifers for their drinking water supply. Both the characterization and modeli…

Abstract. This paper presents the first known application of multi-model ensembles to the forecasting of the thermosphere. A multi-model ensemble (MME) is a method for combining d…

Abstract. The formation of cold air pools in valleys under stable conditions represents an important challenge for numerical weather prediction (NWP). The challenge is increased w…

Abstract. Accurately deciphering periodic variations in paleoclimate proxy signals is essential for cyclostratigraphy. Classical spectral analysis often relies on methods based on…

Abstract. A Lagrangian model of photochemistry and mixing is described (CiTTyCAT, stemming from the Cambridge Tropospheric Trajectory model of Chemistry And Transport), which is s…

Abstract. Recent modelling studies have indicated that icebergs play an active role in the climate system as they interact with the ocean and the atmosphere. The icebergs' impact …

Abstract. Successful simulation of cloud-aerosol interactions (indirect aerosol effects) in climate models requires relating grid-scale aerosol, dynamic, and thermodynamic fields …

Abstract. This study examines how different microphysical parameterization schemes influence orographically induced precipitation and the distributions of hydrometeors and water v…

Abstract. We present a new approach to the validation of modelled forest Net Primary Productivity (NPP), using empirical data on the mean annual increment, or MAI, in above-ground…

Abstract. An important issue in the evaluation of the environmental impact of emissions from concentrated sources such as transport modes, is to understand how processes occurring…

Abstract. Realistically representing spatial heterogeneity and lateral land surface processes within and between modeling units in Earth system models is important because of thei…

Abstract. Modelling biomass production and the environmental impact of short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations is necessary for planning their deployment, as they are becoming in…

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) plays an important role in the formation of ozone and fine aerosols in the urban atmosphere. In this study, a new simulation approach is presented to…

Abstract. The modelling of small-scale processes is a major source of error in weather and climate models, hindering the accuracy of low-cost models which must approximate such pr…

Abstract. Air quality measurements from geostationary orbit by the instrument TEMPO (Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution) will offer an unprecedented view of atmospher…

Abstract. Focal and zonal statistics are fundamental tools in geographic information systems (GISs) for characterizing spatial patterns, yet they have traditionally addressed spat…