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Abstract. Short-term and decadal sea-ice prediction systems need a realistic initial state, generally obtained using ice–ocean model simulations with data assimilation. However, o…

Abstract. Dry deposition to vegetation is a major sink of ground-level ozone and is responsible for about 20 % of the total tropospheric ozone loss. Its parameterization in atmosp…

Abstract. We present a new, open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation model, Elmer/Earth. Using the multi-physics finite-element package Elmer, a model to compute viscoelas…

Abstract. Estimating global river solids, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), in both quantity and composition, is necessary for understanding the development and persistence of man…

Abstract. We present an updated version of the BROOK90 hydrological model (B90), which integrates a closed energy and water balance on subdaily time scales. This updated version r…

Abstract. The community coupler (C-Coupler) for Earth system modelling is a coupler family that was developed in China in 2010. C-Coupler3.0, the latest version, is fully compatib…

Abstract. The evaluation and model element description of the second version of the unstructured-mesh Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM2.0) are presented. The new version o…

Abstract. Past warm periods provide an opportunity to evaluate climate models under extreme forcing scenarios, in particular high ( >  800 ppmv) atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Al…

Abstract. The Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4) is an offline global chemical transport model particularly suited for studies of the troposphere. …

Abstract. A new global high-resolution coupled climate model, EC-Earth3P-HR has been developed by the EC-Earth consortium, with a resolution of approximately 40 km for the atmosph…

Abstract. In this paper we describe SEAS5, ECMWF's fifth generation seasonal forecast system, which became operational in November 2017. Compared to its predecessor, System 4, SEA…

Abstract. libRadtran is a widely used software package for radiative transfer calculations. It allows one to compute (polarized) radiances, irradiance, and actinic fluxes in the s…

Abstract. New-particle formation from condensable gases is a common atmospheric process that has significant but uncertain effects on aerosol particle number concentrations and ae…

Abstract. While the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) physical science reports usually assess a handful of future scenarios, the Working Group III contribution on c…

Abstract. Physical processes on the synoptic scale are important modulators of the large-scale extratropical circulation. In particular, rapidly ascending airstreams in extratropi…

Abstract. This paper describes the rationale and the protocol of the first component of the third simulation round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIM…

Abstract. WaterGAP is a global hydrological model that quantifies human use of groundwater and surface water as well as water flows and water storage and thus water resources on a…

Abstract. BCC-CSM2-HR is a high-resolution version of the Beijing Climate Center (BCC) Climate System Model (T266 in the atmosphere and 1/4∘ latitude × 1/4∘ longitude in the ocean…

Abstract. An earth system model (MIROC-ESM 2010) is fully described in terms of each model component and their interactions. Results for the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison P…

Abstract. The role of mixing between layers of different densities is key to how the ocean works and interacts with other components of the Earth's system. Correctly accounting fo…

Abstract. We present the TREED model (TRait Ecology and Evolution over Deep time), a trait- and optimality-based vegetation model to simulate vegetation structure, carbon cycling …

Abstract. There is growing interest in data-driven weather prediction (DDWP), e.g., using convolutional neural networks such as U-NET that are trained on data from models or reana…

Abstract. Wakes from wind farms can extend over 50 km downwind in stably stratified conditions. These wakes can undermine power production at downwind turbines, adversely impactin…

Abstract. Lagrangian models are widely adopted to study atmospheric transport processes, with applications in various domains, including the investigation of windborne crop diseas…

Abstract. Global hydrological models (GHMs) are a useful tool in the assessment of the land surface water balance. They are used to further the understanding of interactions betwe…

Abstract. Increasing demand for agricultural land resources and changing climate conditions require strategic land-use planning and the development of adaptation strategies. There…

Abstract. With semiconductor technology gradually approaching its physical and thermal limits, graphics processing units (GPUs) are becoming an attractive solution for many scient…

Abstract. In the current work we present six hindcast WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting model) simulations for the EURO-CORDEX (European Coordinated Regional Climate Downscali…

Abstract. We present the lulcc software package, an object-oriented framework for land use change modelling written in the R programming language. The contribution of the work is …

Abstract. The Beijing Climate Center Earth System Model version 1 (BCC-ESM1) is the first version of a fully coupled Earth system model with interactive atmospheric chemistry and …

Abstract. Variations in the mixing ratio of trace gases of tropospheric origin entering the stratosphere in the tropics are of interest for assessing both troposphere to stratosph…

Abstract. We converted the radiation part of the atmospheric model ECHAM to a single-precision arithmetic. We analyzed different conversion strategies and finally used a step-by-s…

Abstract. This paper presents an extension of industry modelling within the REMIND integrated assessment model to industry subsectors and a projection of future industry subsector…

Abstract. Today's geodynamic models can, often do and sometimes have to become very complex. Their underlying, increasingly elaborate numerical codes produce a growing amount of r…

Abstract. Concerns about food security under climate change motivate efforts to better understand future changes in crop yields. Process-based crop models, which represent plant p…

Abstract. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are widely used for air pollution modeling, which suffer from significant biases due to uncertainties in simplified parameterization, me…

Abstract. Irrigation is a method of land management that can affect the local climate. Recent literature shows that it affects mostly the near-surface variables and it is associat…

Abstract. The ocean biogeochemistry components of two new versions of the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) are presented and compared to observations and other models. CanESM5…

Abstract. Deep learning (DL) methods have recently garnered attention from the climate change community for being an innovative approach to downscaling climate variables from Eart…

Abstract. WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) is widely used to assess regional aerosol radiative feedback. However, in the current version, a…

Abstract. Karst aquifers are an important source of drinking water in many regions of the world. Karst areas are highly permeable and produce large amounts of groundwater recharge…

Abstract. Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) is a powerful approach in identifying which inputs or parameters most affect a model's output. This determines which inputs to include …

Abstract. We describe the development of a non-hydrostatic version of the regional climate model RegCM4, called RegCM4-NH, for use at convection-permitting resolutions. The non-hy…

Abstract. We present SELEN4 (SealEveL EquatioN solver), an open-source program written in Fortran 90 that simulates the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) process in response to t…

Abstract. A new version of an internal solitary wave (ISW) model, Internal Solitary Wave Numerical Model-Northern South China Sea version 2.0 (ISWNM-NSCS v2.0), is presented. Back…

Abstract. Safe and secure carbon dioxide (CO2) storage is likely to be critical for mitigating some of the most dangerous effects of climate change. In the last decade, there has …

Abstract. Accurate initialization is a critical step in fully distributed ecohydrological and soil biogeochemical modeling applications, yet is often hindered by the computational…

Abstract. Groundwater plays a critical role in regulating the global hydrological cycle and serves as the most stable freshwater resource for human daily water consumption. Howeve…

Abstract. We evaluate the performance of the Community Atmosphere Model's (CAM) spectral element method on variable-resolution grids using the shallow-water equations in spherical…

Abstract. Advances in Earth observation capabilities mean that there is now a multitude of spatially resolved data sets available that can support the quantification of water and …