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Abstract. We describe the creation of a data set describing changes related to the presence of ice sheets, including ice-sheet extent and height, ice-shelf extent, and the distrib…

Abstract. The China Meteorological Administration Global Forecast System (CMA-GFS) v4.0 model was upgraded to a higher resolution of 0.125° in May 2023. To be compatible with its …

Abstract. All current global climate models (GCMs) utilize only grid-averaged surface heat fluxes to drive the atmosphere, and thus their subgrid horizontal variations and partiti…

Abstract. Fire is the primary form of terrestrial ecosystem disturbance on a global scale and an important Earth system process. Most Earth system models (ESMs) have incorporated …

Abstract. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is a sub-project of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) whose objective is to compare predicti…

Abstract. We implement the GEOS-Chem chemistry module as a chemical mechanism in version 2 of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Our implementation allows the state-of-the-s…

Abstract. Spatially distributed anthropogenic and open burning emissions are fundamental data needed by Earth system models. We describe the methods used for generating gridded da…

Abstract. Using the regionally refined mesh (RRM) configuration of the US Department of Energy's Simple Cloud-Resolving Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model …

Abstract. The Simple Cloud-Resolving E3SM Atmosphere Model (SCREAM) is the newest addition to the family of earth system models capable of explicitly resolving convective systems.…

Abstract. Conservative mapping of data from one horizontal grid to another should preserve certain integral or mean properties of the original data. This may be essential in some …

Abstract. The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) has recently been introduced to include a bottom-up approach to modeling carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and upt…

Abstract. Model intercomparison studies in the climate and Earth sciences communities have been crucial to building credibility and coherence for future projections. They have qua…

Abstract. This article describes the Integrated Forecasting System aerosol scheme (IFS-AER) used operationally in the IFS cycle 47R1, which was operated by the European Centre for…

Abstract. High-resolution modelling is needed to understand urban air quality and pollutant dispersion in detail. Recently, the PALM model system 6.0, which is based on large-eddy…

Abstract. Reliable simulation of wind fields under stable weather conditions is vital for preventing air pollution. In this study, we investigate how different physical parameteri…

Abstract. The balance between turbulent transport and emissions is a key issue in understanding the formation of O3 and particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5).…

Abstract. Modelling the climate system on multi-millennial timescales is challenging when slow-response components, such as the deep ocean, vegetation, and ice sheets, must evolve…

Abstract. In recent years, the PALM 6.0 modelling system has been rapidly developing its capability to simulate physical processes within urban environments. Some examples in this…

Abstract. Advancements in near-explicit chemical reaction mechanisms, such as the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) or the Generator of Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics i…

Abstract. In this paper, we present Spatialize, an open-source library that implements ensemble spatial interpolation, a novel method that combines the simplicity of basic interpo…

Abstract. The phrasing of the first of three questions motivating CMIP6 – “How does the Earth system respond to forcing?” – suggests that forcing is always well-known, yet the rad…

Abstract. Convective wind gusts (CGs) are usually related to thunderstorms, and they may cause great structural damage and serious hazards, such as train derailment, service inter…

Abstract. Stomata play a central role in regulating the exchange of carbon dioxide and water vapor between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Their function is represented in land sur…

Abstract. Increasing evidence from experimental studies suggests that the losses of semi-volatile vapors to chamber walls could be responsible for the underestimation of organic a…

Abstract. The rapid temporal evolution of convective rainfall poses a challenge for quantitative rainfall nowcasting models that forecast rainfall on timescales ranging from 5 min…

Abstract. This paper presents an innovative approach, STREAM – SaTellite-based Runoff Evaluation And Mapping – to derive daily river discharge and runoff estimates from satellite …

Abstract. We describe the HadGEM2 family of climate configurations of the Met Office Unified Model, MetUM. The concept of a model "family" comprises a range of specific model conf…

Abstract. A simplified parameterization for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in polluted air and biomass burning smoke is tested and optimized in this work, towards the g…

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are currently the most advanced tools with which to study the interactions among humans, ecosystem productivity, and the climate. The inclusio…

Abstract. A snowpack has a profound effect on the hydrology and surface energy conditions of an area through its effects on surface albedo and roughness and its insulating propert…

Abstract. The Town Energy Balance (TEB) model has been refined and improved in order to explicitly represent street trees and their impacts on radiative transfer: a new vegetated …

Abstract. We develop a method for computing Bayes' factors of conceptual rainfall–runoff models based on thermodynamic integration, gradient-based replica-exchange Markov chain Mo…

Abstract. Hydrogen is a potential candidate for an alternate energy source and carrier. As usage of hydrogen in industry rises, leakages into the atmosphere may occur, causing an …

Abstract. As aviation's contribution to anthropogenic climate change is increasing, the sector aims at reducing its climate effect in accordance with international agreements. The…

Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 7 (CMIP7) request for data unlocking key research avenues in atmospheric …

Abstract. A comprehensive ice nucleation parameterization has been implemented in the global chemistry-climate model EMAC to improve the representation of ice crystal number conce…

Abstract. Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in marine environments impacts primary production due to its absorption effect on the photosynthetically active radiation. In coa…

Abstract. Snow albedo schemes in regional climate models often lack a sophisticated radiation penetration scheme and generally compute only a broadband albedo. Here, we present th…

Abstract. Climate change and demographic pressures are affecting both the urban water balance and microclimate, thus amplifying urban flooding and the urban heat island phenomena.…

Abstract. Runoff is a critical component of the terrestrial water cycle, and Earth system models (ESMs) are essential tools to study its spatiotemporal variability. Runoff schemes…

Abstract. A major limitation in modeling global ozone (O3) vegetation damage has long been the reliance on empirical O3 sensitivity parameters derived from a limited number of spe…

Abstract. Current land surface models (LSMs) typically represent soils in a very simplistic way, assuming soil organic carbon (SOC) as a bulk, and thus impeding a correct represen…

Abstract. An operational multimodel forecasting system for air quality has been developed to provide air quality services for urban areas of China. The initial forecasting system …

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is losing mass as the climate warms through both increased meltwater runoff and ice discharge at marine-terminating sectors. At the ice sh…

Abstract. Clustering – the automated grouping of similar data – can provide powerful and unique insight into large and complex data sets, in a fast and computationally efficient m…

Abstract. The ocean mixed layer depth is an important parameter describing the exchange of fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean. In ocean modelling a key factor in the accurate…

Abstract. The Bergen Climate Model (BCM) is a fully-coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice model that provides state-of-the-art computer simulations of the Earth's past, present, and fu…

Abstract. The interaction between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere is a critical area of research in space weather and space physics. Accurate determination of the magneto…

Abstract. The dissolution of semi-volatile inorganic gases such as ammonia and nitric acid into the aerosol aqueous phase has an important influence on the composition, hygroscopi…

Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide vertical column density (NO2 VCD) measurements via satellite are compared with a fine-scale regional chemistry transport model, using a new approach tha…