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Abstract. The Community Earth System Model (CESM) developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) has been used worldwide for climate studies. This study extends …

Abstract. The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) aims to investigate the spread in simulations of sea-level and ocean climate change in response to CO2 for…

Abstract. The online version of the Regional Air Quality Deterministic Prediction System (RAQDPS) is a chemical weather forecast system that has been employed operationally by Env…

Abstract. Satellite observations of atmospheric methane are a powerful resource for quantifying methane emissions over any region worldwide. The inverse methods needed to infer em…

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) need to balance a complicated trade-off between computational cost and complexity in order to adequately represent the exchanges of energy, wa…

Abstract. The Town Energy Balance (TEB) urban climate model has recently been improved to more realistically address the radiative effects of trees within the urban canopy. These …

Abstract. Satellite observations of tropospheric trace gases and aerosols are evolving rapidly. Recently launched instruments provide increasingly higher spatial resolutions, with…

Abstract. NOx is an important primary air pollutant of major environmental concern which is predominantly produced by anthropogenic combustion activities. NOx needs to be accounte…

Abstract. About every 10 years, the Norwegian Centre for Climate Services publishes a national climate assessment report, presenting the updated historical climate change and clim…

Abstract. Airborne remote sensing observations over the tropical Atlantic Ocean upstream of Barbados are used to characterize trade wind shallow cumulus clouds and to benchmark tw…

Abstract. Severe ice conditions in the Bohai Sea could cause serious harm to maritime traffic, offshore oil exploitation, aquaculture, and other economic activities in the surroun…

Abstract. Snowfall forecasts help winter maintenance of road networks, ensure better coordination between services, cost control, and a reduction in environmental impacts caused b…

Abstract. This paper describes a new model for the calculation of daily, high-resolution (up to 1 km) fire emissions, developed in the framework of the APIFLAME (Analysis and Pred…

Abstract. Improving international food security under a changing climate and increasing human population will be greatly aided by improving our ability to modify, understand and p…

Abstract. In this paper, we employed polynomial chaos (PC) expansions to understand earthquake rupture model responses to random fault plane properties. A sensitivity analysis bas…

Abstract. Forecast verification plays a crucial role in the development cycle of operational numerical weather prediction models. At the same time, verification remains a challeng…

Abstract. The Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) is the Met Office's operational, coupled ocean–sea ice system, which produces analyses and short-range forecasts at global a…

Abstract. The community Noah with multi-parameterization options (Noah-MP) land surface model (LSM) is widely used in studies ranging from uncoupled land surface hydrometeorology …

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) typically represent surface heterogeneity on scales smaller than the atmospheric grid, while land–atmosphere coupling is based on grid mean va…

Abstract. In this paper, we report on the first implementation of atmospheric chemistry and aerosol as part of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) OpenI…

Abstract. The Climate SPHINX (Stochastic Physics HIgh resolutioN eXperiments) project is a comprehensive set of ensemble simulations aimed at evaluating the sensitivity of present…

Abstract. In this work we present downscaling experiments with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) to test the sensitivity to resolving aerosol–radiation and aerosol–…

Abstract. The meteorological input parameters for urban- and local-scale dispersion models can be evaluated by preprocessing meteorological observations, using a boundary-layer pa…

Abstract. In the Amazon Basin, floodplain inundation is a key component of surface water dynamics and plays an important role in water, energy and carbon cycles. The Model for Sca…

Abstract. The Pathfinder model was developed to fill a perceived gap within the range of existing simple climate models. Pathfinder is a compilation of existing formulations descr…

Abstract. Wind stress, wind waves, and turbulence are essential variables and play a critical role in regulating a series of physical and biogeochemical processes in large shallow…

Abstract. In the context of the first phase of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment in the European domain (EURO-CORDEX) flagship plot study on Land Use and Cli…

Abstract. The accurate calibration of parameters in atmospheric and Earth system models is crucial for improving their performance but remains a challenge due to their inherent co…

Abstract. Algorithmic model tuning is a promising approach to yield the best possible forecast performance of multi-scale multi-phase atmospheric models once the model structure i…

Abstract. The information content of thermal infrared measurements for tropospheric ozone (O3) estimation has already been well demonstrated. However, the impact of such measureme…

Abstract. Photosynthesis (gross primary production, GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) are ecosystem processes with global significance for climate, the global carbon and hydrologic…

Abstract. Sorption of metals on minerals is a key process in treatment water, natural aquatic environments, and other water-related technologies. Sorption processes are usually si…

Abstract. This study proposes a fast radiative transfer model, the Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System – ground-based (ARMS-gb), designed to simulate brightness temperatur…

Abstract. Measurements collected from ground monitoring stations have gained popularity as a valuable data source for evaluating numerical models and correcting model errors throu…

Abstract. This study evaluates the effects of downscaling, source terms, and tidal interactions on numerical wave forecasts in Aotearoa New Zealand. We utilised a set of three nes…

Abstract. A particle-based cloud model was developed for meter- to submeter-scale-resolution simulations of warm clouds. Simplified cloud microphysics schemes have already made me…

Abstract. Assessing the impact of uncertainties in ice-sheet models is a major and challenging issue that needs to be faced by the ice-sheet community to provide more robust and r…

Abstract. We present a high-level, differentiable, and composable abstraction for the point evaluation of the solution fields of partial differential equation models. The new func…

Abstract. VERT (Vehicular Emissions from Road Traffic) is an R package developed to estimate traffic emissions of a wide range of pollutants and greenhouse gases based on traffic …

Abstract. The Canadian Land Surface Scheme and the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CLASS-CTEM) together form the land surface component in the family of Canadian Earth syste…

Abstract. The three-dimensional (3-D) modelling of water systems involving double-diffusive processes is challenging due to the large computation times required to solve the flow …

Abstract. Microtopographic features, such as polygonal ground, are characteristic sources of landscape heterogeneity in the Alaskan Arctic coastal plain. Here, we analyze the effe…

Abstract. In this paper, we present a simple dynamic global vegetation model whose primary intended use is auxiliary to the land–atmosphere coupling scheme of a climate model, par…

Abstract. We evaluate the vertical turbulent-kinetic-energy (TKE) mixing scheme of the NEMO-SI3 ocean–sea-ice model in sea-ice-covered regions of the Arctic Ocean. Specifically, w…

Abstract. The wave-induced breakup of sea ice contributes to the formation of the marginal ice zone in the polar oceans. Understanding how waves fragment the ice cover into indivi…

Abstract. Inverse models arise in various environmental applications, ranging from atmospheric modeling to geosciences. Inverse models can often incorporate predictor variables, s…

Abstract. In this study, we present the development of a new coupled weather and carbon monoxide (CO) data assimilation system based on the Environment and Climate Change Canada (…

Abstract. The super-droplet method (SDM) is a Lagrangian particle-based numerical scheme for cloud microphysics. In this work, a series of simulations based on the DYCOMS-II (RF02…

Abstract. Forecast error growth as a function of lead time of atmospheric phenomena is caused by initial and model errors. When studying the initial error growth, it may turn out …

Abstract. Snow plays a crucial role in the formation and sustainability of sea ice. Due to its thermal properties, snow acts as an insulating layer, shielding the ice from the air…