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Abstract. Random and spatial cross-validation (CV) methods are commonly used to evaluate machine-learning-based spatial prediction models, and the performance values obtained are …

Abstract. The spatiotemporal distribution and characterization of aerosol particles are usually determined by remote-sensing and optical in situ measurements. These measurements a…

Abstract. As the resolution of global Earth system models increases, regional-scale evaluations are becoming ever more important. This study presents a framework for quantifying p…

Abstract. In fire emission models, the spatial resolution of both the modelling framework and the satellite data used to quantify burned area can have considerable impact on emiss…

Abstract. Accurate representation of fire emissions is critical for modeling the in-plume, near-source, and remote effects of biomass burning (BB) on atmospheric composition, air …

Abstract. Weather and climate play an important role in shaping global wildfire regimes and geographical distributions of burnable area. As projected by the Sixth Assessment Repor…

Abstract. Climate models have traditionally been developed in Fortran, due to its long-standing use in scientific computing and its excellent computational performance. While Pyth…

Abstract. Detailed reconstruction of deep crustal targets by seismic methods remains a long-standing challenge. One key to address this challenge is the joint development of new s…

Abstract. Fire causes abrupt changes in vegetation properties and modifies flux exchanges between land and atmosphere at subseasonal to seasonal scales. Yet these short-term fire …

Abstract. Meteorological simulations produce large amounts of data, which can represent a challenge when trying to store, share, and analyze it. As weather and climate models incr…

Abstract. This paper documents the methodology and preliminary results from a perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) technique, where multiple parameters are varied simultaneously and…

Abstract. The development of chemical transport models with advanced physics and chemical schemes could improve air-quality forecasts. In this study, the China Meteorological Admi…

Abstract. Sensitivity of the PALM model 6.0 with respect to land-surface and building properties is tested in a real urban environment in the vicinity of a typical crossroads in a…

Abstract. Isoprene, a key biogenic volatile organic compound, plays a pivotal role in atmospheric chemistry. Due to its high reactivity, this compound contributes significantly to…

Abstract. The 2022 Hunga volcanic eruption injected a significant amount of water vapor and a moderate amount of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, causing observable responses…

Abstract. During the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) substantial efforts were made to systematically assess the skill of Earth system models. One …

Abstract. Anomalous freshwater fluxes from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and ice shelves are impacting the surrounding oceans, and we need to be able to account for these…

Abstract. This paper presents the message passing interface (MPI)-based parallelization of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model SHYFEM (System of HydrodYnamic Finite Element M…

Abstract. A chemical transport model (CTM) is an essential tool for air quality prediction and management, widely used in air pollution control and health risk assessment. However…

Abstract. The energy–water–land nexus represents a critical leverage future policies must draw upon to reduce trade-offs between sustainable development objectives. Yet, existing …

Abstract. Terrestrial ecosystems play a critical role in the global carbon cycle but have highly uncertain future dynamics. Ecosystem modeling that includes the scaling up of unde…

Abstract. This paper describes the second major release of the Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool), a community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for the evaluat…

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides, classified as NOx (nitric oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) and NOy (NOx+ NO3, N2O5 HNO3, + HNO4+ HONO + Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) + organic nitrate…

Abstract. Over the last decade many climate models have evolved into Earth system models (ESMs), which are able to simulate both physical and biogeochemical processes through the …

Abstract. The carbon cycle component of the newly developed Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-X is presented. The model represents the cycling of carbon throug…

Abstract. Recent advancements in computational efficiency and Earth system modeling have awarded hydrologists with increasingly high-resolution models of terrestrial hydrology, wh…

Abstract. Watersheds are the fundamental Earth surface functioning units that connect the land to aquatic systems. Many watershed-scale models represent hydrological processes but…

Abstract. Three-dimensional geological modelling algorithms can generate multiple models that fit various mathematical and geometrical constraints. The results, however, are often…

Abstract. We document the first version of the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques Earth system model (CNRM-ESM1). This model is based on the physical core of the CNRM c…

Abstract. This paper presents a free and open-source program called PyXRD (short for Python X-ray diffraction) to improve the quantification of complex, poly-phasic mixed-layer ph…

Abstract. Well-estimated air pollutant concentration fields are critically important to compensate for observations that are only sparsely available, especially over non-urban are…

Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry of halogenated species (Cl, Br, I) participates in the global chemical sink of tropospheric ozone and perturbs the oxidising capacity of the tr…

Abstract. Maritime Antarctica (M.A.) contains the most extensive and diverse lithological exposure compared to the entire continent. This lithological substrate reveals a rich his…

Abstract. This contribution presents a novel multi-dimensional (multi-D) hydraulic–hydrological numerical model with variational data assimilation capabilities. It allows multi-sc…

Abstract. Our study evaluates the impacts of an alternate snow cover fraction (SCF) parameterization on snow simulation in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemica…

Abstract. Agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions are a major pathway of nitrogen loss, which can have significant environmental consequences, such as air and water pollution, ecosys…

Abstract. Surface ozone (O3) is the primary air pollutant threatening global vegetation. It typically reduces the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, leading to changes …

Abstract. In a cycling system where data assimilation (DA) and model simulation are executed consecutively, the model forecasts initialized from the analysis (or data assimilation…

Abstract. Canada has the longest coastline in the world and includes diverse ocean environments, from the frozen waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to the confluence region…

Abstract. Repeated long-term censuses have revealed large-scale spatial patterns in Amazon basin forest structure and dynamism, with some forests in the west of the basin having u…

Abstract. The assimilation of satellite spectral sounder data requires fast and accurate radiative transfer models. This study proposes a novel methodology to automatically parame…

Abstract. Numerical models are needed for evaluating aerosol processes in the atmosphere in state-of-the-art chemical transport models, urban-scale dispersion models, and climatic…

Abstract. We document model updates and present and discuss modeling and validation results from a further developed production-tagged aerosol module, OsloAero5.3, for use in Eart…

Abstract. Mechanistic vegetation models serve to estimate terrestrial carbon fluxes and climate impacts on ecosystems across diverse biotic and abiotic conditions. Systematically …

Abstract. The mechanistic model GO+ describes the functioning and growth of managed forests based upon biophysical and biogeochemical processes. The biophysical and biogeochemical…

Abstract. Aliasing errors arise in the multiplication of partial sums, such as those encountered when numerically solving the Navier–Stokes equations, and can be detrimental to th…

Abstract. The analytic wave solutions obtained by Matsuno (1966) in his seminal work on equatorial waves provide a simple and informative way of assessing the performance of atmos…

Abstract. The CFMIP Diagnostic Codes Catalogue assembles cloud metrics, diagnostics and methodologies, together with programs to diagnose them from general circulation model (GCM)…

Abstract. Most large-scale hydrologic models fall short in reproducing groundwater head dynamics and simulating transport process due to their oversimplified representation of gro…

Abstract. A coordinated set of Arctic modelling experiments, which explore how the Arctic responds to changes in external forcing, is proposed. Our goal is to compute and compare …