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Abstract. The climate science community aims to improve our understanding of climate change due to anthropogenic influences on atmospheric composition and the Earth's surface. Yet…

Abstract. A computationally efficient module to describe organic aerosol (OA) partitioning and chemical aging has been developed and implemented into the EMAC atmospheric chemistr…

Abstract. The self-potential (SP) method is a sensitive geophysical technique to locate seafloor polymetallic sulfide deposits. Reasonable SP forward modeling can provide a good f…

Abstract. Export of carbon from the euphotic zone to intermediate and deep water plays a critical role in the ocean's feedback response to a warming climate. However, as water tem…

Abstract. Downscaling global climate models (GCMs) provides crucial high-resolution data needed for informed decision-making at regional scales. However, there is no uniform appro…

Abstract. The spectral wave model WAM (Cycle 6) is a commonly used code package for ocean wave forecasting. However, it is still a challenge to include it into the long-term Earth…

Abstract. The optimization of aircraft trajectories involves balancing operating costs and climate impact, which are often conflicting objectives. To achieve compromised optimal s…

Abstract. We describe development and validation of a tangent linear model for the High-Order Method Modeling Environment, the default dynamical core in the Community Atmosphere M…

Abstract. We have optimised the atmospheric radiation algorithm of the FAMOUS climate model on several hardware platforms. The optimisation involved translating the Fortran code t…

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene (3.3 to 3.0 million yr ago), a globally warm period before the Quaternary, is recently attracting attention as a new target for paleoclimate modelling a…

Abstract. The dependence of the gravity wave spectra of energy and momentum flux on the horizontal resolution and time step of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) has b…

Abstract. A new chemistry module that simulates atmospheric ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH+4) was incorporated into a backward-in-time stochastic Lagrangian air quality model (STI…

Abstract. In this article we study the influence of different characteristics of our assimilation system on surface ozone analyses over Europe. Emphasis is placed on the evaluatio…

Abstract. We introduce a novel algorithm for the efficient detection and tracking of features in spatiotemporal atmospheric data, as well as for the precise localization of the oc…

Abstract. Most CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) models unrealistically form Antarctic Bottom Water by open ocean deep convection in the Weddell and Ross seas.…

Abstract. The development and verification of the convective module of IL-GLOBO, a Lagrangian transport model coupled online with the Eulerian general circulation model GLOBO, is …

Abstract. Errors in the specification or utilization of fossil fuel CO2 emissions within carbon budget or atmospheric CO2 inverse studies can alias the estimation of biospheric an…

Abstract. The natural abundance of 14C in total CO2 dissolved in seawater (DIC) is a property applied to evaluate the water age structure and circulation in the ocean and in ocean…

Abstract. Streamflow information is critical for addressing any number of hydrologic problems. Often, streamflow information is needed at locations that are ungauged and, therefor…

Abstract. We designed a thermo-mechanical numerical model for fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge with variable viscosity, hydrothermal cooling, latent heat release, sheeted dyke layer…

Abstract. The preprocessor PREP-CHEM-SRC presented in the paper is a comprehensive tool aiming at preparing emission fields of trace gases and aerosols for use in atmospheric-chem…

Abstract. Top-of-atmosphere (TOA) spectrally resolved shortwave reflectances and long-wave radiances describe the response of the Earth's surface and atmosphere to feedback proces…

Abstract. This study investigates the capacity of a prognostic biosphere model to simulate global variability in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and vegetation carbon dynamics unde…

Abstract. The interpolation process is the most computationally expensive step of the semi-Lagrangian (SL) approach for solving advection and is commonly used in numerical weather…

Abstract. In this second part of a two-part study, we performed a simulation of the carbon and water budget of the Lena catchment with the land surface model ORCHIDEE MICT-LEAK, e…

Abstract. Determining the dominant ice nucleation mode in cirrus is still an open research question that impacts the ability to assess the climate impact of these clouds in numeri…

Abstract. This work discusses the numerical aspects of representing the condensational growth of particles in models of aerosol systems such as atmospheric clouds. It focuses on t…

Abstract. We present a new high-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean model, SHiELD-MOM6, which integrates the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) advanced atmospheric mode…

Abstract. A collection of scientific analyses, metrics, and visualizations for robust validation of ice sheet models is presented using the Land Ice Verification and Validation to…

Abstract. Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the most devastating natural disasters, which justifies monitoring and prediction on short and long timescales in the context of a cha…

Abstract. The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) developed by the Department of Energy has a goal of addressing challenges in understanding the global water cycle. Success …

Abstract. Conventional integration of Earth system and ocean models can accrue considerable computational expenses, particularly for marine biogeochemical applications. Offline nu…

Abstract. Model calibration (or tuning) is a necessary part of developing and testing coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models regardless of their main scientific purpose. There is…

Abstract. Climate model emulators have a crucial role in assessing warming levels of many emission scenarios from probabilistic climate projections based on new insights into Eart…

Abstract. A new integrated mass-flux adjustment filter is introduced, which uses the analyzed integrated mass-flux divergence field to correct the analyzed wind field. The filter …

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol microphysical processes are a significant source of uncertainty in predicting climate change. Specifically, aerosol nucleation, emissions, and growth…

Abstract. We revisit the concept of the cloud vertical structure (CVS) classes we have previously employed to classify the planet's cloudiness (Oreopoulos et al., 2017). The CVS c…

Abstract. This article presents an enhanced emission module for the PALM model system, which collects discrete emission sources from different emission sectors and assigns them dy…

Abstract. Fault activity modelling is vital for earthquake monitoring, risk management, and early warning. Studies on laboratory earthquakes are instrumental for modelling natural…

Abstract. Research software for simulating Earth processes enables the estimation of past, current, and future world states and guides policy. However, this modelling software is …

Abstract. Numerical convergence of the collision–coalescence algorithm used in Lagrangian particle-based microphysics is studied in 2D simulations of an isolated cumulus congestus…

Abstract. In developing methods for convective-scale data assimilation (DA), it is necessary to consider the full range of motions governed by the compressible Navier–Stokes equat…

Abstract. A software package (OZO, Omega–Zwack–Okossi) was developed to diagnose the processes that affect vertical motions and geopotential height tendencies in weather systems s…

Abstract. This study evaluates the performance of RegCM5 in simulating air–sea fluxes over Southeast Asia through a set of 36 sensitivity experiments testing different physical sc…

Abstract. In climate models, the snow albedo scheme generally calculates only a narrowband or broadband albedo, which leads to significant uncertainties. Here, we present the Vers…

Abstract. High-resolution sea ice modeling is becoming widely available for both operational forecasts and climate studies. In traditional Eulerian grid-based models, small-scale …

Abstract. Ocean biogeochemical models are key tools for both scientific and operational applications. Nevertheless the cost of these models is often expensive because of the large…

Abstract. Adapting and improving the hydrological processes in land surface models are crucial given the increase in the resolution of the climate models to correctly represent th…

Abstract. Container technology provides a pathway to facilitate easy access to unified modeling systems and opens opportunities for collaborative model development and interactive…

Abstract. A new module has been implemented in the fifth generation of the ECMWF/Hamburg (ECHAM5)/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model that sim…