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Abstract. A primary solar climate intervention (SCI) strategy is stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). SAI would increase the number of small reflective particles (aerosols) in t…

Abstract. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is a state-of-the-science air quality model that simulates the emission, transformation, transport, and fate of the man…

Abstract. This research evaluates the performance of the CE-QUAL-W2 v4.5 sediment diagenesis model in simulating water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total nitro…

Abstract. The state-of-the-science Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System has recently been extended for hemispheric-scale modeling applications (referred to as H…

Abstract. Offline advection schemes allow for low-computational-cost simulations using existing model output. This study presents the approach and assessment for passive offline t…

Abstract. Process-based numerical models are a useful tool for studying marine ecosystems and associated biogeochemical processes in ice-covered regions where observations are sca…

Abstract. Reliable soil biogeochemical modeling is a prerequisite for credible projections of climate change and associated ecosystem feedbacks. This recognition has called for fr…

Abstract. To improve short-term particulate matter (PM) forecasts in South Korea, the initial distribution of PM composition, particularly over the upwind regions, is primarily im…

Abstract. The chemistry of ancient sedimentary rocks encodes information about past climate, element cycling, and biological innovations. Records of large-scale Earth system chang…

Abstract. MATCRO-Soy is an eco-physiological process-based crop model for soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.)). It was developed by modifying the parameters of MATCRO-Rice, which inte…

Abstract. Borehole data are essential for conducting precise urban geological surveys and large-scale geological investigations. Traditionally, explicit modelling and implicit mod…

Abstract. The Agulhas Current, the western boundary current of the South Indian Ocean, has been shown to play an important role in the connectivity between the Indian and Atlantic…

Abstract. The assessment of forest-based climate change mitigation strategies relies on computationally intensive scenario analyses, particularly when dynamic vegetation models ar…

Abstract. Large-eddy simulation (LES) resolves large-scale turbulence directly and parametrizes small-scale turbulence. Resolving micro-scale turbulence, e.g., in wind turbine wak…

Abstract. Continental-scale hyper-resolution simulations constitute a grand challenge in characterizing nonlinear feedbacks of states and fluxes of the coupled water, energy, and …

Abstract. With the continued deployment of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring (GHG) networks worldwide, optimal and strategic positioning of ground stations is essential to min…

Abstract. The chemistry–climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ contains a detailed representation of tropospheric and stratospheric reactive chemistry and state-of-the-art parameterizations o…

Abstract. Current climate models still have large uncertainties in estimating biogenic trace gases, which can significantly affect atmospheric chemistry and secondary aerosol form…

Abstract. Large-eddy simulation (LES) provides a physically sound approach to study complex turbulent processes within the atmospheric boundary layer including urban boundary laye…

Abstract. Can we improve machine-learning (ML) emulators with synthetic data? If data are scarce or expensive to source and a physical model is available, statistically generated …

Abstract. Extreme weather events pose significant challenges to crop production, making their assessment essential for developing effective climate adaptation strategies. Process-…

Abstract. The processes of transport, diffusion and transformation of surface oil in seawater can be simulated using a Lagrangian model formalism coupled with Eulerian circulation…

Abstract. This paper introduces GCAM-CDR 1.0, an integrated assessment model for climate policy based on the open-source Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM). GCAM-CDR extends GCAM…

Abstract. A general circulation ocean model is translated from Fortran to Python. Its code structure is optimized to exploit available Python utilities, remove simulation bottlene…

Abstract. Three types of reference simulations, as recommended by the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), have been performed with version 2.51 of the European Centre for M…

Abstract. r.avaflow represents an innovative open-source computational tool for routing rapid mass flows, avalanches, or process chains from a defined release area down an arbitra…

Abstract. High-resolution numerical ocean models can be used to help interpret sparse observations in the nearshore and to help understand the impacts of climate change and extrem…

Abstract. Vector quantities, e.g., vector winds, play an extremely important role in climate systems. The energy and water exchanges between different regions are strongly dominat…

Abstract. General circulation models (GCMs) have been criticized for their failure to represent the observed scales of precipitation, particularly in the tropics where simulated d…

Abstract. The Diat-HadOCC model (version 1.0) is presented. A simple marine ecosystem model with coupled equations representing the marine carbon cycle, it formed the ocean biogeo…

Abstract. The vapor pressures (pvap) of organic molecules play a crucial role in the partitioning of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Given the vast diversity of atmospheric organ…

Abstract. This work presents ShellChron, a new model for generating accurate internal age models for high-resolution paleoclimate archives, such as corals, mollusk shells, and spe…

Abstract. Data assimilation integrates information from observational measurements with numerical models. When used with coupled models of Earth system compartments, e.g., the atm…

Abstract. The representation of aerosol activation is a key source of uncertainty in global composition-climate model simulations of aerosol–cloud interactions. The Abdul-Razzak a…

Abstract. Plume-in-grid (PinG) models incorporating a host Eulerian model and a subgrid-scale model (usually a Gaussian plume or puff model) have been used for the simulations of …

Abstract. The Marine Ice Sheet–Ocean Model Intercomparison Project – phase 2 (MISOMIP2) is a natural progression of previous and ongoing model intercomparison exercises that have …

Abstract. For the purpose of providing reliable and robust air quality predictions, an air quality prediction system was developed for the main air quality criteria species in Sou…

Abstract. In many conceptual rainfall–runoff models, the water balance differential equations are not explicitly formulated. These differential equations are solved sequentially b…

Abstract. This paper describes a large-eddy simulation based chemical transport model, developed under the OpenFOAM framework, implemented to simulate dispersion and chemical tran…

Abstract. This paper features the new atmosphere–ocean–aerosol–chemistry–climate model, SOlar Climate Ozone Links (SOCOL) v4.0, and its validation. The new model was built by inte…

Abstract. Accurate modeling of ash clouds from volcanic eruptions requires knowledge about the eruption source parameters including eruption onset, duration, mass eruption rates, …

Abstract. The recently developed Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) is employed for simulations contributing to the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5) experi…

Abstract. The shallow water equations provide a useful analogue of the fully compressible Euler equations since they have similar characteristics: conservation laws, inertia-gravi…

Abstract. Land surface models rarely incorporate the terrestrial phosphorus cycle and its interactions with the carbon cycle, despite the extensive scientific debate about the imp…

Abstract. Simulations of the coupled ionosphere–magnetosphere system are a key tool to understand geospace and its response to space weather. For the most part, they are based on …

Abstract. Bias correction (BC) is often a necessity to improve the applicability of global and regional climate model (GCM and RCM, respectively) outputs to impact assessment stud…

Abstract. We calibrated the JSBACH model with six different stomatal conductance formulations using measurements from 10 FLUXNET coniferous evergreen sites in the boreal zone. The…

Abstract. This paper describes MicroHH 1.0, a new and open-source (www.microhh.org) computational fluid dynamics code for the simulation of turbulent flows in the atmosphere. It i…

Abstract. Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) is a form of proposed climate intervention to reflect incoming solar radiation, offsetting some of the impacts of greenhouse gas wa…

Abstract. Describing the coupling of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) cycles of land ecosystems requires understanding microbial element use efficiencies of soil organ…