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Abstract. Despite ongoing efforts to reduce pollution, persistent ozone pollution in China remains a public health concern. To better understand the causes of ozone pollution in C…

Abstract. Assemblages of corals characterise specific reef biozones and the environmental conditions that change spatially across a reef and with depth. Drill cores through fossil…

Abstract. Simulating surface inundation is particularly challenging for the high-latitude permafrost regions. Ice-rich permafrost thaw can create expanding thermokarst lakes as we…

Abstract. Despite recent progress of numerical air quality models, accurate prediction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is still challenging because of uncertainties in physical…

Abstract. Within the framework of the global chemistry climate model ECHAM–HAMMOZ, a novel explicit coupling between the sectional aerosol model HAM-SALSA and the chemistry model …

Abstract. Interactions between ice masses and the ocean are key couplings in the global climate system. In many cases, these interactions occur through glacial fjords, which are l…

Abstract. Improvements are made to two areas of the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) module, which forms part of the Met Office Unified Model (UM) used for weather and …

Abstract. Ocean models must be regularly updated through the assimilation of observations (data assimilation) in order to correctly represent the timing and locations of eddies. S…

Abstract. Accurately predicting urban PM2.5 concentrations and composition has proved challenging in the past, partially due to the resolution limitations of computationally inten…

Abstract. Road traffic emits not only carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter, but also other pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and c…

Abstract. A convolution-based method of spectral nudging of atmospheric fields is developed in the Australian Community Climate and Earth Systems Simulator (ACCESS) version 1.3 wh…

Abstract. Tangent linear and adjoint models (TAMs) are efficient tools to analyse and to control dynamical systems such as NEMO. They can be involved in a large range of applicati…

Abstract. Recent advances in satellite retrieval methodology now allow for estimation of particular organic carbon (POC) concentration in ocean surface waters directly from satell…

Abstract. The performance of the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA4 is investigated for the Arctic CORDEX (COordinated Regional climate Downscaling EXperiment) region, with…

Abstract. A generalized mass-flux formulation is presented, which no longer takes a limit of vanishing fractional areas for subgrid-scale components. The presented formulation is …

Abstract. In this work the three dimensional compressible moist atmospheric model ASAMgpu is presented. The calculations are done using graphics processing units (GPUs). To ensure…

Abstract. Numerous studies have highlighted the critical role of soil organic matter (SOM) physical properties in simulating hydrological and energy exchanges within Earth system …

Abstract. Aerosol simulations in chemistry transport models (CTMs) still suffer from numerous uncertainties, and diagnostic evaluations are required to point out major error sourc…

Abstract. We present the Efficient CH4–CO–OH (ECCOH) chemistry module that allows for the simulation of the methane, carbon monoxide, and hydroxyl radical (CH4–CO–OH) system, with…

Abstract. Terrestrial photography combined with the recently presented Photo Rectification And ClassificaTIon SoftwarE (PRACTISE V.1.0) has proven to be a valuable source to deriv…

Abstract. We present first results from a coupled model setup, consisting of the state-of-the-art ice sheet model RIMBAY (Revised Ice Model Based on frAnk pattYn), and the communi…

Abstract. Farming is using more of the land surface, as population increases and agriculture is increasingly applied for non-nutritional purposes such as biofuel production. This …

Abstract. The implementation and application of a newly developed coupled system combining ECMWF's integrated forecast system (IFS) with global chemical transport models (CTMs) is…

Abstract. The accurate parameterization of atmospheric surface layer processes is crucial for weather forecasts using numerical weather prediction models. Here, an attempt has bee…

Abstract. Wetlands are the largest and most uncertain natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4). Several process-based models have been developed to quantify the magnitude and …

Abstract. In this study we present a new cyclone identification and tracking algorithm, cycloTRACK. The algorithm describes an iterative process. At each time step it identifies a…

Abstract. Running large-eddy simulations (LESs) can be burdensome and computationally too expensive from the application point of view, for example, to support urban planning. In …

Abstract. Modeling the coupled human–natural systems (CHANS) is vital for understanding human–natural interactions and achieving regional sustainability, offering a powerful tool …

Abstract. Climate feedbacks are a significant source of uncertainty in future climate projections and need to be quantified accurately and robustly. The radiative kernel method is…

Abstract. Modelling the risk of natural hazards for society, ecosystems, and the economy is subject to strong uncertainties, even more so in the context of a changing climate, evo…

Abstract. We present version 3.0 of the atmospheric chemistry box model CAABA/MECCA. In addition to a complete update of the rate coefficients to the most recent recommendations, …

Abstract. To support the assessments of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the IPBES Expert Group on Scenarios and Model…

Abstract. The representation of moist convection in climate models represents a major challenge, due to the small scales involved. Using horizontal grid spacings of O(1km), convec…

Abstract. Forecasting heavy precipitation accurately is a challenging task for most deep learning (DL)-based models. To address this, we present a novel DL architecture called “mu…

Abstract. Earth observations were used to evaluate the representation of land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation coverage over Iberia in two state-of-the-art land surface mo…

Abstract. NorESM is a generic name of the Norwegian earth system model. The first version is named NorESM1, and has been applied with medium spatial resolution to provide results …

Abstract. The Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 3 (NESM v3) has been developed, aiming to provide a numerical modeling platform f…

Abstract. Ice algae play a fundamental role in shaping sea-ice-associated ecosystems and biogeochemistry. This role can be investigated by field observations; however the influenc…

Abstract. This paper describes the addition of a stratospheric prognostic aerosol (SPA) capability – developed with the goal of accurately simulating sulfate aerosol formation and…

Abstract. Major disruptions of the winter season, high-latitude stratospheric polar vortices can result in stratospheric anomalies that persist for months. These sudden stratosphe…

Abstract. Wind-wave processes have generally been excluded from coupled Earth system models due to the high computational expense of spectral wave models, which resolve a frequenc…

Abstract. Drought is increasingly recognized as a critical driver of forest dynamics, altering tree species' growth, dominance and survival. To better understand these dynamics, w…

Abstract. Numerical weather prediction models rely on parameterizations for subgrid-scale processes, e.g., for cloud microphysics, which are a well-known source of uncertainty in …

Abstract. Factorisation (also known as “factor separation”) is widely used in the analysis of numerical simulations. It allows changes in properties of a system to be attributed t…

Abstract. Simulating the spatio-temporal dynamics of inundation is key to understanding the role of wetlands under past and future climate change. Earlier modelling studies have m…

Abstract. Simulating global and regional climate at high resolution is essential to study the effects of climate change and capture extreme events affecting human populations. To …

Abstract. A synthetic inflow turbulence generator was implemented in the idealised Weather Research and Forecasting large eddy simulation (WRF-LES v3.6.1) model under neutral atmo…

Abstract. FAMOUS fills an important role in the hierarchy of climate models, both explicitly resolving atmospheric and oceanic dynamics yet being sufficiently computationally effi…

Abstract. The global ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with kilometer-scale resolution is of great significance for understanding the climate effects of mesoscale and submeso…

Abstract. Point sources account for a large portion of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Timely detection, localization, and quantification of these emissions are crit…