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Abstract. The EURODELTA-Trends multi-model chemistry-transport experiment has been designed to facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of air pollution and its drivers …

Abstract. We present results from and evaluate the performance of a 12-month, 12 km horizontal resolution year 2005 air pollution simulation for the contiguous United States using…

Abstract. High-mercury wet deposition in the southeastern United States has been noticed for many years. Previous studies came up with a theory that it was associated with high-al…

Abstract. We provide a detailed description of the ice-sheet layer age tracer Englacial Layer Simulation Architecture (ELSA) – a model that uses a straightforward method to simula…

Abstract. This paper describes the Eulerian urban dispersion model EPISODE. EPISODE was developed to address a need for an urban air quality model in support of policy, planning, …

Abstract. Understanding how multiphase processes affect the iron-containing aerosol cycle is key to predicting ocean biogeochemistry changes and hence the feedback effects on clim…

Abstract. Atmospheric flux inversions use observations of atmospheric CO2 to provide anthropogenic and biogenic CO2 flux estimates at a range of spatio-temporal scales. Inversions…

Abstract. An aerosol climatology to represent aerosols in the radiation schemes of global atmospheric models was recently developed. We derived the climatology from a reanalysis o…

Abstract. The availability of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) constrains the ability of ecosystems to use resources such as light, water and carbon. In turn, nutrients impact the …

Abstract. Land surface models are an important tool in the study of climate change and its impacts, but their use can be hampered by uncertainties in input parameter settings and …

Abstract. Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are a ubiquitous phenomenon in the dynamic ocean system, which play a crucial role in driving transport through turbulent mixing. Over the…

Abstract. Various ground-based observing techniques provide precipitable water vapor (PWV) products with different spatial resolutions. To effectively integrate these products, es…

Abstract. Recent studies have suggested that injection of solid particles such as alumina and calcite particles for stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) instead of sulfur-based i…

Abstract. Karst develops through the dissolution of carbonate rock and is a major source of groundwater contributing up to half of the total drinking water supply in some European…

Abstract. Recent land surface models (LSMs) have evolved significantly in complexity and resolution, requiring comprehensive evaluation systems to assess their performance. This p…

Abstract. This study explores the influence of implementing a multi-layer snow scheme on the climatological bias within a seasonal forecast system. Traditional single layer snow s…

Abstract. This paper introduces HIDRA-D, a novel deep-learning model for basin scale dense (gridded) sea level prediction using sparse satellite altimetry and in situ tide gauge d…

Abstract. Infrared spectral radiation fields observed by satellites make up an information-rich, multi-decade record with continuous coverage of the entire planet. As direct obser…

Abstract. We present a nonhydrostatic finite-volume global atmospheric model formulation for numerical weather prediction with the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) at ECMWF and…

Abstract. Climate models are essential for our comprehensive understanding of Earth's atmosphere and can provide critical insights on future changes decades ahead. Because of thes…

Abstract. Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) have become an integral tool for extrapolating local observations and understanding of land–atmosphere carbon exchange to larger regi…

Abstract. The interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere can impact weather and climate through the exchanges of water, energy, carbon and momentum. The properties o…

Abstract. Chemistry-climate models (CCMs) are commonly used to simulate the past and future development of Earth's ozone layer. The fully coupled chemistry schemes calculate the c…

Abstract. Earth System Climate Models (ESCMs) are valuable tools that can be used to gain a better understanding of the climate system, global biogeochemical cycles and how anthro…

Abstract. Large air quality models and large climate models simulate the physical and chemical properties of the ocean, land surface, and/or atmosphere to predict atmospheric comp…

Abstract. Regional coupled and Earth system models are fundamental numerical tools for climate investigations, downscaling of predictions and projections, process-oriented underst…

Abstract. The vital role of terrestrial biogeochemical cycles in influencing global climate change is explored by modelling groups internationally through land surface models (LSM…

Abstract. Locally refined grids for global atmospheric models are attractive since they are expected to provide an alternative to solve local phenomena without the requirement of …

Abstract. Gravitational sinking of particulate organic matter (POM) is a key mechanism of the vertical transport of carbon in the deep ocean and its subsequent sequestration. The …

Abstract. Machine learning has shown great promise for simulating hydrological phenomena. However, the development of machine-learning-based hydrological models requires advanced …

Abstract. The improved and updated Coupled Arctic Prediction System (CAPS) is evaluated using a set of Pan-Arctic prediction experiments for the year 2018. CAPS is built on the We…

Abstract. Model resolution and the included physical processes are two of the most important factors that determine the realism or performance of ocean model simulations. In this …

Abstract. This article describes the latest stable release (version 2.2) of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS), a public domain software for radiative transfer si…

Abstract. The nonhydrostatic regional climate model CCLM was used for a long-term hindcast run (2002–2016) for the Weddell Sea region with resolutions of 15 and 5 km and two diffe…

Abstract. This study evaluates the performances of the new version (v.5.1) of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (FEM) in simulating gross primary productivity (GPP), against eddy cov…

Abstract. In the global methane budget, the largest natural source is attributed to wetlands, which encompass all ecosystems composed of waterlogged or inundated ground, capable o…

Abstract. The model's ability to reproduce the state of the simulated object or particular feature or phenomenon is always a subject of discussion. Multidimensional model quality …

Abstract. This paper describes the implementation of a coupling between a three-dimensional ocean general circulation model (NEMO) and a wave model (WW3) to represent the interact…

Abstract. The long-term comparison between simulated and observed spectrally resolved outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) can represent a stringent test for the direct verification …

Abstract. The SECHIBA module of the ORCHIDEE land surface model describes the exchanges of water and energy between the surface and the atmosphere. In the present paper, the adjoi…

Abstract. Ocean circulation and the marine carbon cycle can be indirectly inferred from stable and radiogenic carbon isotope ratios (δ13C and Δ14C, respectively), measured directl…

Abstract. The Laurentian Great Lakes significantly influence the climate of the Midwest and Northeast United States due to their vast thermal inertia, moisture source potential, a…

Abstract. Numerical general circulation models of the atmosphere are generally required to conserve mass and energy for their application to climate studies. Here we draw attentio…

Abstract. The Regional Arctic System Model version 1 (RASM1) has been developed to provide high-resolution simulations of the Arctic atmosphere–ocean–sea ice–land system. Here, we…

Abstract. In this study, a regional coupled climate–chemistry modeling system using the dynamical downscaling technique was established by linking the global Community Earth Syste…

Abstract. Simple models can play pivotal roles in the quantification and framing of uncertainties surrounding climate change and sea-level rise. They are computationally efficient…

Abstract. Parameters in sea ice-ocean coupled models greatly affect the simulated evolution of the ocean and sea ice, and are typically tuned to bring the model state close to obs…

Abstract. A single ozone (O3) tracer mode was developed in this work to build the capability of the Goddard Earth Observing System model with Chemistry (GEOS-Chem) for rapid O3 si…

Abstract. The Bartlett–Lewis (BL) model is a stochastic framework for representing rainfall based upon Poisson cluster point process theory. This model has been used for over 30 y…

Abstract. Projecting the anthropogenic mass loss of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets requires models that can accurately describe the physics of flowing ice and its interact…