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Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) simulation in atmospheric chemistry models is frequently used for source–receptor analysis, emission inversion, interpretation of observations, and …

Abstract. In this paper, we present the implementation and evaluation of the aerosol microphysics module SALSA2.0 in the framework of the aerosol–chemistry–climate model ECHAM-HAM…

Abstract. Information on soil water potential is essential to assessing the soil moisture state, to prevent soil compaction in weak soils, and to optimize crop management. When th…

Abstract. Wildfire is an important ecosystem process, influencing land biogeophysical and biogeochemical dynamics and atmospheric composition. Fire-driven loss of vegetation cover…

Abstract. The atmospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a key parameter in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) water vapour retrieval and can convert the zenith wet dela…

Abstract. CellLab-CTS 2015 is a Python-language software library for creating two-dimensional, continuous-time stochastic (CTS) cellular automaton models. The model domain consist…

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) is a global persistent contaminant. Modeling studies are useful means of synthesizing a current understanding of the Hg cycle. Previous studies mainly use c…

Abstract. Hemispheric transport of air pollutants can have a significant impact on regional air quality, as well as on the effect of air pollutants on regional climate. An accurat…

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) and mineral dust are among the most abundant insoluble aerosol components in the atmosphere. When released, most BC and dust particles are externally m…

Abstract. The Finite-Element Sea Ice Model (FESIM), used as a component of the Finite-Element Sea ice Ocean Model, is presented. Version 2 includes the elastic-viscous-plastic (EV…

Abstract. The key physical parameters for the "eb_go_gs" configuration of version 2.7.4 of GENIE, an Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC), are tuned using a multi-…

Abstract. Recently, Earth system models (ESMs) have begun to consider the marine ecosystem to reduce errors in climate simulations. However, many models are unable to fully repres…

Abstract. Process-based models (PBMs) of vegetation function can be used to interpret and integrate experimental results. Water limitation to plant carbon uptake is a highly uncer…

Abstract. We introduce MADE3 (Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe, adapted for global applications, 3rd generation; version: MADE3v2.0b), an aerosol dynamics submodel for appl…

Abstract. This paper introduces the open-source AquaCrop v7.2 model as a new process-based crop model within NASA's Land Information System Framework (LISF) v7.5. The LISF enables…

Abstract. The Holocene, which started approximately 11.5 ka, is the latest interglacial period with several rapid climate changes with timescales, from decades to centuries, super…

Abstract. Peatlands have often been neglected in Earth system models (ESMs). Where they are included, they are usually represented via a separate, prescribed grid cell fraction th…

Abstract. Oceanic tides are seldom represented in Earth system models (ESMs) owing to the need for high horizontal resolution to accurately represent the associated barotropic wav…

Abstract. We present a new modular Bayesian inversion framework, called FLEXINVERT, for estimating the surface fluxes of atmospheric trace species. FLEXINVERT can be applied to de…

Abstract. Recently, a standard test case suite for 2-D linear transport on the sphere was proposed to assess important aspects of accuracy in geophysical fluid dynamics with a "mi…

Abstract. By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past, current, and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP…

Abstract. Accurate short-term quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) is critical for disaster prevention, mitigation, and socio-economic activities. However, due to the inhe…

Abstract. Identifying PM2.5 chemical components is crucial for formulating emission strategies, estimating radiative forcing, and assessing human health effects. However, accurate…

Abstract. Climate and terrestrial biosphere models consider nitrogen an important factor in limiting plant carbon uptake, while operational environmental models view nitrogen as t…

Abstract. Accurate simulation of precipitation over complex terrains such as the Upper Blue Nile Basin (UBNB) is essential for water resource management and climate impact assessm…

Abstract. This is the second of two papers that document the creation of the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA). In Part 1, we described the sensitivity experiments and accompanying e…

Abstract. Verification is a process crucially important for the final users of a computational model: code is useless if its results cannot be relied upon. Typically, verification…

Abstract. Carbon dioxide emissions from wild and anthropogenic fires return the carbon absorbed by plants to the atmosphere, and decrease the sequestration of carbon by land ecosy…

Abstract. We present FORHYCS (FORests and HYdrology under Climate Change in Switzerland), a distributed ecohydrological model to assess the impact of climate change on water resou…

Abstract. This paper presents a discussion of the predictive capacity of the implementation of the semi-distributed hydrological modeling system JGrass-NewAge. This model focuses …

Abstract. We present a recently developed emission module for the ICON (ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic)-ART (Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) modelling framework. The emission modu…

Abstract. The System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) is an open source geographic information system (GIS), mainly licensed under the GNU General Public License. Since…

Abstract. The optimal spatial layout of a radar wind profiler (RWP) network for rainfall forecasting, especially over complex terrain, remains uncertain. This study explores the b…

Abstract. In recent years, deep learning models have rapidly emerged as a stand-alone alternative to physics-based numerical models for medium-range weather forecasting. Several i…

Abstract. Knowledge about spatially distributed inundation depth and overland flow quantities, as well as related flow velocities, is critical information for establishing a pluvi…

Abstract. There is an increasing need for reliable short-term sea ice forecasts that can support maritime operations in polar regions. While numerous studies have shown the potent…

Abstract. This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes, including snow schemes that are included in Earth syste…

Abstract. Geoscientific models are facing increasing challenges to exploit growing datasets coming from remote sensing. Universal differential equations (UDEs), aided by different…

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) are pushing towards improved realism owing to an increasing number of observations at the local scale, constantly improving satellite data set…

Abstract. Flex_extract is an open-source software package to efficiently retrieve and prepare meteorological data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMW…

Abstract. Improvements of Machine Learning (ML)-based radiation emulators remain constrained by the underlying assumptions to represent horizontal and vertical subgrid-scale cloud…

Abstract. Air quality and climate influence each other through the uncertain processes of aerosol formation and cloud droplet activation. In this study, both processes are improve…

Abstract. High-resolution direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are an important tool for the detailed analysis of turbidity current dynamics. Models that resolve the vertical struc…

Abstract. We present a suite of new climate model experiment designs for the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). This set of experiments, named GeoMIP6 (to be c…

Abstract. We present a comprehensive description and benchmark evaluation of the tropospheric chemistry version of the global chemistry transport model TM5 (Tracer Model 5, versio…

Abstract. The Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin (Climate DT), developed as part of the European Commission's Destination Earth (DestinE) initiative, sets up an operational sy…

Abstract. Forecasts of wind-power production are necessary to facilitate the integration of wind energy into power grids, and these forecasts should incorporate the impact of wind…

Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are used for studying historical and future changes to vegetation and the terrestrial carbon cycle. JULES (the Joint UK Land Env…

Abstract. The numerical weather prediction model of the Consortium for Small Scale Modelling (COSMO), maintained by the German weather service (DWD), is connected with the Modular…

Abstract. For the first time, a simulation incorporating tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry using the newly developed MECO(n) model system is performed. MECO(n) is short for…