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Abstract. This article describes the IFS-AER aerosol module used operationally in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) cycle 45R1, operated by the European Centre for Medium-Ra…

Abstract. Here we present a description of the UKCA StratTrop chemical mechanism, which is used in the UKESM1 Earth system model for CMIP6. The StratTrop chemical mechanism is a m…

Abstract. Most geophysical models include many parameters that are not fully determined by theory, and can be “tuned” to improve the model's agreement with available data. We migh…

Abstract. In this study, the WRF-Chem regional model is updated to improve simulated short-lived pollutants (e.g., aerosols, ozone) in the Arctic. Specifically, we include in WRF-…

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx= nitric oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) are important trace gases that affect atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate. Contemporary dev…

Abstract. Hindcasting experiments (conducting a model forecast for a time period in which observational data are available) are being undertaken increasingly often by the integrat…

Abstract. The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) consists of a series of time slice experiments targeting the long-term changes in atmospheri…

Abstract. We propose an explicit GPU-based solver within the material point method (MPM) framework using graphics processing units (GPUs) to resolve elastoplastic problems under t…

Abstract. We demonstrate that LFRic-Atmosphere, a model built using the Met Office's GungHo dynamical core, is able to reproduce idealised large-scale atmospheric circulation patt…

Abstract. The Global Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (GNAQPMS) is the global version of the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (NAQPMS), which is a multi-…

Abstract. Plant transpiration dominates terrestrial latent heat fluxes (LE) and plays a central role in regulating the water cycle and land surface energy budget. However, Earth s…

Abstract. A high-resolution (1/20∘) global ocean general circulation model with graphics processing unit (GPU) code implementations is developed based on the LASG/IAP Climate Syst…

Abstract. Diabatic transport schemes with hybrid zeta coordinates, which follow isentropes in the stratosphere, are known to greatly improve Lagrangian transport calculations comp…

Abstract. Aerosols influence Earth's radiative balance via the scattering and absorbing of solar radiation, affect cloud formation, and play important roles on precipitation, ocea…

Abstract. Mixed-phase clouds at high latitudes contribute to the uncertainty in predicting cloud feedbacks and climate sensitivity, mainly due to the complexity of microphysical p…

Abstract. Bathymetry beneath ice shelves in West Antarctica plays an important role in the delivery and circulation of warm waters to the ice-shelf bottom and grounding line. Larg…

Abstract. Remotely sensed Earth observations have many missing values. The abundance and often complex patterns of these missing values can be a barrier for combining different ob…

Abstract. Coupled Chemistry Aerosol-Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CCATT-BRAMS, version 4.5) is an on-line regio…

Abstract. As temperatures decrease in autumn, vegetation of temperate and boreal ecosystems increases its tolerance to freezing. This process, known as hardening, results in a set…

Abstract. Transported air pollutants receive increasing attention as regulations tighten and global concentrations increase. The need to represent international transport in regio…

Abstract. Topographic heterogeneity and lateral subsurface flow at the hillslope scale of ≤1 km may have outsized impacts on tropical forest through their impacts on water availab…

Abstract. Sea surface temperature is the key variable when tackling seasonal to decadal climate forecasts. Dynamical models are unable to properly reproduce tropical climate varia…

Abstract. The metals strontium (Sr), lithium (Li), osmium (Os) and calcium (Ca), together with their isotopes, are important tracers of weathering and volcanism – primary processe…

Abstract. This study explores the impact of the structural error of biosphere models when assimilating net ecosystem exchange (NEE) measurements or CO2 concentration measurements …

Abstract. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is tightly linked to the intraseasonal tropical variability (ITV) that contributes to energise the deterministic ocean dynamics d…

Abstract. Fire is an integral ecosystem process and a major natural source of vegetation disturbance globally. Yet at the same time, humans use and manage fire in diverse ways and…

Abstract. General circulation model (GCM) evaluation using ground-based observations is complicated by inconsistencies in hydrometeor and phase definitions. Here we describe (GO)2…

Abstract. A one-column, turbulent, and kinetic-energy-type ocean mixed-layer model (snow–ice–thermocline, SIT), when coupled with three atmospheric general circulation models (AGC…

Abstract. We present the first representation of grass pollen in a 3-D dispersion model in Australia, tested using observations from eight counting sites in Victoria. The region's…

Abstract. The lightning assimilation (LTA) technique in the Kain–Fritsch convective parameterization in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been updated and appli…

Abstract. The quality of precipitation forecasts is difficult to evaluate objectively because images with disjointed features surrounded by zero intensities cannot easily be compa…

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are important tools to improve our understanding of present-day climate and to project climate change under different plausible future scenari…

Abstract. The confrontation of complex Earth system model (ESM) codes with novel supercomputing architectures poses challenges to efficient modeling and job submission strategies.…

Abstract. This paper presents a new offline dust cycle model which uses the Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model (Sitch et al., 2003) to calculate time varying dust s…

Abstract. Lake models are increasingly being incorporated into global and regional climate and numerical weather prediction systems. Lakes interact with their surroundings through…

Abstract. The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observational Simulator Package (COSP) is used to diagnose model performance and physical processes via an apple-to-appl…

Abstract. We introduce and study the impact of three stochastic schemes in the EC-Earth climate model: two atmospheric schemes and one stochastic land scheme. These form the basis…

Abstract. While state-of-the-art complex chemical mechanisms expand our understanding of atmospheric chemistry, their sheer size and computational requirements often limit simulat…

Abstract. A new, two-layer canopy module with thermal inertia as part of the detailed snow model SNOWPACK (version 3.2.1) is presented and evaluated. As a by-product of these new …

Abstract. There is increasing evidence that the uptake and aqueous processing of water-soluble volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by wet aerosols or cloud droplets is an important …

Abstract. Atmospheric models often represent the aerosol particle size distribution with a modal approach, in which particles are described with log-normal modes within predetermi…

Abstract. We present a web service based tool for the planning of atmospheric research flights. The tool provides online access to horizontal maps and vertical cross-sections of n…

Abstract. We present a numerical method for calculating vertically averaged velocity fields using a mass conservation approach, commonly known as balance velocities. This allows f…

Abstract. Simulations of climate over the Last Millennium (850–1850 CE) have been incorporated into the third phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3). …

Abstract. The present study investigates a statistical approach for the downscaling of climate simulations focusing on those meteorological parameters most commonly required as in…

Abstract. Upscaling the properties and effects of small-scale surface heterogeneities to larger scales is a challenging issue in land surface modeling. We developed a novel approa…

Abstract. Fire is a fundamental part of the Earth system, with impacts on vegetation structure, biomass, and community composition, the latter mediated in part via key fire-tolera…

Abstract. Lossy compression has been applied to the data compression of large-scale Earth system model data (ESMD) due to its advantages of a high compression ratio. However, few …

Abstract. High-resolution models have become widely available for the study of the ocean's small-scale processes. Although these models simulate more turbulent ocean dynamics and …

Abstract. The Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS-A) has been modified to allow four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) by the nudging of temperature, humidity…