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Abstract. Accurately predicting the response of Amazonia to climate change is important for predicting climate change across the globe. Changes in multiple climatic factors simult…

Abstract. Tides play an important role in ocean energy transfer and mixing, and provide major energy for maintaining thermohaline circulation. This study proposes a new explicit t…

Abstract. The Laurentian Great Lakes share several physical characteristics with the coastal ocean, including atmosphere–water interactions, rotational dynamics, and ice cover pro…

Abstract. The total alkalinity–pH equation, which relates total alkalinity and pH for a given set of total concentrations of the acid–base systems that contribute to total alkalin…

Abstract. This paper documents coupled simulations of two developmental versions of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) towards CAM6. The configuration called CAM5.4 introduces n…

Abstract. This paper describes the next-generation ocean forecast model for the European north-west shelf, which will become the basis of operational forecasts in 2018. This new s…

Abstract. The adverse impacts of urban heat and global climate change are leading policymakers to consider green and blue infrastructure (GBI) for heat mitigation benefits. Though…

Abstract. The spin-up refers to the dynamic and thermal adjustments made at the initial stage of numerical integration in order to reach a statistical equilibrium state. The analy…

Abstract. Pushing global climate models to large-eddy simulation (LES) scales over complex terrain has remained a major challenge. This study presents the first known implementati…

Abstract. This paper describes a new open-source software framework for automated pointwise feature tracking that is applicable to a wide array of climate datasets using either st…

Abstract. Particle number concentration (PNC) is a key parameter for assessing particles' effects on public health and climate. Although the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ…

Abstract. Machine learning (ML) and data-driven approaches are increasingly used in many research areas. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is a tree boosting method that has evo…

Abstract. A climate model is an executable theory of the climate; the model encapsulates climatological theories in software so that they can be simulated and their implications i…

Abstract. A new regional coupled modelling framework is introduced – the Regional Coupled Suite (RCS). This provides a flexible research capability with which to study the interac…

Abstract. This paper describes the impact of the various changes made to the Safran–Isba–Modcou (SIM) hydrometeorological system and demonstrates that the new version of the model…

Abstract. In global hydrological models, groundwater (GW) is typically represented by a bucket-like linear groundwater reservoir. Reservoir models, however, (1) can only simulate …

Abstract. Scale analysis based on coarse graining has been proposed recently as an alternative to Fourier analysis. It is now broadly used to analyze energy spectra and energy tra…

Abstract. The CICERO Simple Climate Model (CICERO-SCM) is a lightweight, semi-empirical model of global climate. Here we present a new open-source Python port of the model for use…

Abstract. Recently, it has been shown that mass conservation in Lagrangian models is improved by using time-average winds out of Eulerian models. In this study, we evaluate the ma…

Abstract. It is of major interest to estimate the feedback of arctic ecosystems to the global warming we expect in upcoming decades. The speed of this response is driven by the po…

Abstract. We describe the Bayesian user-friendly model for palaeo-environmental reconstruction (BUMPER), a Bayesian transfer function for inferring past climate and other environm…

Abstract. An interpolation programme coded in Fortran for irregular N-dimensional cases is presented and freely available. The need for interpolation procedures over irregular mes…

Abstract. Riverine flood hazard is the consequence of meteorological drivers, primarily precipitation, hydrological processes and the interaction of floodwaters with the floodplai…

Abstract. To take decisions on how to improve air quality, it is useful to perform a source allocation study that identifies the main sources of pollution for the area of interest…

Abstract. Bioclimatic indices for use in studies of ecosystem function, species distribution, and vegetation dynamics under changing climate scenarios depend on estimates of surfa…

Abstract. This paper investigates how to refine the ground meteorological observation network to greatly improve the PM2.5 concentration forecasts by identifying sensitive areas f…

Abstract. The permafrost region contains a significant portion of the world's soil organic carbon, and its thawing, driven by accelerated Arctic warming, could lead to substantial…

Abstract. The evaluation of models in general is a nontrivial task and can, due to epistemological and practical reasons, never be considered complete. Due to this incompleteness,…

Abstract. Numerical models used in weather and climate prediction take into account a comprehensive set of atmospheric processes (i.e., phenomena) such as the resolved and unresol…

Abstract. Ice-sheet age computations are formulated using an Eulerian advection equation, and there are many schemes that can be used to solve them numerically. Typically, these d…

Abstract. A particle-filter-based inversion system is presented, which enables us to derive time- and altitude-resolved volcanic ash emission fluxes along with its uncertainty. Th…

Abstract. Paleo-bathymetric reconstructions provide boundary conditions to numerical models of ice sheet evolution and ocean circulation that are critical to understanding their e…

Abstract. As an alternative to using the standard multi-model ensemble (MME) approach to combine the output of different models to improve prediction skill, models can also be com…

Abstract. Neutral gas atmosphere bends and delays propagation of microwave signals in satellite-based navigation. Weather prediction models can be used to estimate these effects b…

Abstract. Parties to the Paris Agreement (PA, 2015) outline their planned contributions towards achieving the PA temperature goal to “hold […] the increase in the global average t…

Abstract. A mathematical model called BUOYANT has previously been developed for the evaluation of the dispersion of positively buoyant plumes originating from major warehouse fire…

Abstract. Atmospheric inversion approaches are expected to play a critical role in future observation-based monitoring systems for surface fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs), pollu…

Abstract. Recently, major progress has been made in the simulation of the ocean dynamics of the Mediterranean using atmospheric and oceanic models with high spatial resolution. Hi…

Abstract. The representation of volatile organic compound (VOC) deposition and oxidation mechanisms in the context of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation are developed in th…

Abstract. Eddy covariance (EC) is one of the most effective ways to directly observe evaporation from a lake surface. However, the deployment of EC systems on lakes is costly and …

Abstract. Snowpacks modulate water storage over extended land regions and at the same time play a central role in the surface albedo feedback, impacting the climate system energy …

Abstract. Numerical methods of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretisation for coastal ocean modelling have advanced significantly, but there are still challenges in accurately sim…

Abstract. Monitoring, reporting, and verification frameworks for greenhouse gas emissions are being developed by countries across the world to keep track of progress towards natio…

Abstract. We present a versatile, powerful, and user-friendly chemical data assimilation toolkit for simultaneously optimizing emissions and concentrations of chemical species bas…

Abstract. This study presents a novel method to estimate the performance of advection schemes in numerical experiments along with a semi-realistic, non-linear, stiff chemical syst…

Abstract. Process-based forest growth models with spatially explicit representation are relevant tools to investigate innovative silviculture practices and/or climate change effec…

Abstract. This paper outlines the development and operation of Yeti, a bottom-up traffic emission inventory framework written in the Python 3 scripting language. A generalized rep…

Abstract. The Mission Support System (MSS) is an open source software package that has been used for planning flight tracks of scientific aircraft in multiple measurement campaign…

Abstract. Global hydrological models (GHMs) improve our understanding of water flows and storage on the continents and have undergone significant advancements in process represent…

Abstract. With the ongoing decline in Arctic sea ice extent, the accurate simulation of Arctic sea ice in coupled models remains an important problem in climate modelling. In this…