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Abstract. The Northwest Pacific is characterized by the presence of the warm and nutrient-depleted Kuroshio Current and the cold and nutrient-enriched Oyashio Current. In this reg…

Abstract. This paper introduces the AtsMOS (At-scale Model Output Statistics) workflow, designed to enhance mountain meteorology predictions through the downscaling of coarse nume…

Abstract. Volatilization of ammonia (NH3) from fertilizers and livestock wastes forms a significant pathway of nitrogen losses in agricultural ecosystems and constitutes the large…

Abstract. Aerosol pH is a fundamental property of aerosols in terms of atmospheric chemistry and its impact on air quality, climate, and health. Precise estimation of aerosol pH i…

Abstract. Agro-land surface models (agro-LSM) have been developed from the integration of specific crop processes into large-scale generic land surface models that allow calculati…

Abstract. We present a computationally efficient modelling system, IMOGEN, designed to undertake global and regional assessment of climate change impacts on the physical and bioge…

Abstract. The process of formation of cloud droplets on an ensemble of aerosol particles is modelled by numerous investigators using the method of lines (MOL). The method involves…

Abstract. In this paper a new integral mathematical model for volcanic plumes, named PLUME-MoM, is presented. The model describes the steady-state dynamics of a plume in a 3-D coo…

Abstract. Two modifications to an existing scheme of tidal mixing are implemented in the coarse resolution ocean component of a global climate model. First, the vertical distribut…

Abstract. In fully coupled climate models, it is now normal to include a sea ice component with multiple layers, each having their own temperature. When coupling this component to…

Abstract. In this article we propose two grid generation methods for global ocean general circulation models. Contrary to conventional dipolar or tripolar grids, the proposed meth…

Abstract. Evaluating the models we use in prediction is important as it allows us to identify uncertainties in prediction as well as guiding the priorities for model development. …

Abstract. This paper investigates the impact and potential use of the cut-cell vertical discretisation for forecasts covering five days and climate simulations. A first indication…

Abstract. Estimation of pollutant releases into the atmosphere is an important problem in the environmental sciences. It is typically formalized as an inverse problem using a line…

Abstract. Emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are a serious environmental concern. In order to understand and predict their effects, it is necessary to estimate th…

Abstract. We describe an emulator of a detailed cloud parcel model which has been trained to assess droplet nucleation from a complex, multimodal aerosol size distribution simulat…

Abstract. The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) is a state-of-the-science Earth system model (ESM) with the ability to focus horizontal resolution of its multiple componen…

Abstract. Ecosystem dynamic models are useful for understanding ecosystem characteristics over time and space because of their efficiency over direct field measurements and applic…

Abstract. Numerous existing satellites observe physical or environmental properties of the Earth system. Many of these satellites provide global-scale observations, but these obse…

Abstract. The Community Earth System Model (CESM) community has been providing versatile modeling options, with simple to complex chemistry and aerosol schemes in a single model, …

Abstract. Land surface models such as the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) are increasingly used for hydrological assessments because of their state-of-the-art represen…

Abstract. Numerical simulation models that are used to investigate the near-Earth space plasma environment require sophisticated methods and algorithms as well as high computation…

Abstract. The First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE), Kansas, US, 1987–1989, made important contributions to the understan…

Abstract. Bioenergy crop cultivation for lignocellulosic biomass is increasingly important for future climate mitigation, and it is assumed on large scales in integrated assessmen…

Abstract. Lake-atmosphere interactions play a critical role in Earth systems dynamics. However, accurately modelling key indicators of these interactions remains challenging due t…

Abstract. Relatively little attention has been given to the impact of discretization error on twin experiments in the stochastic form of the Lorenz-96 equations when the dynamics …

Abstract. The increasing resolution of numerical weather prediction models makes inter-column three-dimensional (3D) radiative transport more and more important. However, 3D radia…

Abstract. Poor representations of aerosols, clouds, and aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs) in Earth system models (ESMs) have long been the largest uncertainties in predicting glob…

Abstract. We describe a computer code that simulates how a satellite observes optical radiation emitted by a lightning flash after it is scattered within an intervening cloud. Our…

Abstract. Uncertainties in an output of interest that depends on the solution of a complex system (e.g., of partial differential equations with random inputs) are often, if not ne…

Abstract. We present a deep neural network (DNN) that produces accurate predictions of observed surface soil moisture, applying meteorological data from a climate model. The netwo…

Abstract. Radiation schemes are physically important but computationally expensive components of weather and climate models. This has spurred efforts to replace them with a cheap …

Abstract. This paper introduces wavetrisk-2.1 (i.e. wavetrisk-ocean), an incompressible version of the atmosphere model wavetrisk-1.x with free surface. This new model is built on…

Abstract. This paper introduces a novel Lagrangian model (Concentration Trajectory Route of Air pollution with an Integrated Lagrangian model, C-TRAIL version 1.0) output from a E…

Abstract. We developed a coupled regional climate system model based on the CCLM regional climate model. Within this model system, using OASIS3-MCT as a coupler, CCLM can be coupl…

Abstract. This work presents the land model Pochva. Pochva is a model of hydro-thermal processes at the Earth's surface and in the underlying medium. The model simulates the main …

Abstract. The Indian Ocean basin faces significant anthropogenic pressure due to its connection to over 2.2 billion people through river basins. Indian Ocean dynamics are characte…

Abstract. Surficial enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a land-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that involves applying crushed silicate rock (e.g., basalt) to agricultura…

Abstract. The Comprehensive Automobile Research System (CARS) is an open-source Python-based automobile emissions inventory model designed to efficiently estimate high-quality emi…

Abstract. Aggregation of particles occurs in a large variety of settings and is therefore the focus of many disciplines, e.g., Earth and environmental sciences, astronomy, meteoro…

Abstract. Coupled physical–biogeochemical models can generally reproduce large-scale patterns of primary production and biogeochemistry, but they often underestimate observed vari…

Abstract. Graphs are commonly gridded by triangulation, i.e., the generation of a set of triangles for the points of the graph. This technique can also be used in a coupler to imp…

Abstract. Regional climate modelling is used to simulate the hydrological cycle, which is fundamental for climate impact investigations. However, the output of these models is aff…

Abstract. Accurately simulating severe haze events through numerical models remains a challenge because of uncertainty in anthropogenic emissions and physical parameterizations of…

Abstract. The Plant–Craig stochastic convection parameterization (version 2.0) is implemented in the Met Office Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS-R) and is assessed in …

Abstract. In this manuscript we describe the experimental procedure employed at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany in the preparation of the simulations for the Pliocene Mode…

Abstract. We discuss two parallelization schemes for MagIC, an open-source, high-performance, pseudo-spectral code for the numerical solution of the magnetohydrodynamics equations…

Abstract. Urban environments are of increasing importance in climate and air quality research due to their central role in the population's health and well-being. Tools to model t…

Abstract. In this study, we present a new forward polarimetric radar operator called the Accurate and Efficient Radar Operator designed by ZheJiang University (ZJU-AERO). This ope…

Abstract. Climate change accelerates the global hydrological cycle, which has escalating impacts on human health and the socioeconomic development. However, many existing Earth sy…