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Abstract. The South China Sea throughflow (SCSTF) connects the South China Sea (SCS) with neighboring seas and oceans, transferring surface water of the global thermohaline circul…

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) transformation processes by soil microbes account for significant nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from natural ecosystems and cropland. However, understanding…

Abstract. A 10-year reanalysis of the PacIOOS Hawaiian Island Ocean Forecast System was produced using an incremental strong-constraint 4-D variational data assimilation with the …

Abstract. We present an extension to the carbon-centric Grid Enabled Integrated Earth system model (cGEnIE) that explicitly accounts for the growth and interaction of an arbitrary…

Abstract. General circulation models (GCMs) are routinely run under Atmospheric Modelling Intercomparison Project (AMIP) conditions with prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs)…

Abstract. Diffusion and crystal growth are common processes in nature and can be observed in rocks that have experienced relatively high temperatures. Information about these proc…

Abstract. Knowledge about muon tomography has spread in recent years in the geoscientific community and several collaborations between geologists and physicists have been founded.…

Abstract. Inaccurate parameter estimation is a significant source of uncertainty in complex terrestrial biosphere models. Model parameters may have large spatial variability, even…

Abstract. Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) has a stabilizing effect on the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet by reducing the grounding line migration following ice melt. The …

Abstract. Disturbance of vegetation is a critical component of land cover, but is generally poorly constrained in land surface and carbon cycle models. In particular, land-use cha…

Abstract. Since its development in 2010, the SPITFIRE global fire model has had a substantial impact on the field of fire modelling using dynamic global vegetation models. It incl…

Abstract. The Artificial-Intelligence-based Nonspherical Aerosol Optical Scheme (AI-NAOS) is a newly developed aerosol optical module that improves the representation of aerosol o…

Abstract. Numerical simulations are essential tools for understanding the complex hydrologic response of Arctic regions to a warming climate. However, strong coupling among therma…

Abstract. The four-dimensional local ensemble transform Kalman filter (4D-LETKF) data assimilation system for the whole neutral atmosphere is updated to better represent disturban…

Abstract. The Multi-Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols Version 0 (MUSICAv0) is a new community modeling infrastructure that enables the study of atmospheric compositi…

Abstract. This article presents an innovative method to apply a correlation operator to a vector in a high-dimensional system, as often needed in variational data assimilation alg…

Abstract. Sea spray aerosols (SSAs) impact the particle mass concentration and gas-particle partitioning in coastal environments, with implications for human and ecosystem health.…

Abstract. A new set of standalone parameterizations is presented for simulating the injection, evolution, and radiative forcing by stratospheric volcanic aerosols against an ideal…

Abstract. The sea breeze is a mesoscale atmospheric circulation that has implications for human activity and wind energy availability in coastal areas. Sea breezes have been studi…

Abstract. A parameter called the scavenging coefficient Λ is widely used in aerosol chemical transport models (CTMs) to describe below-cloud scavenging of aerosol particles by rai…

Abstract. The Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) aerosol thermodynamics and sectional framework has been implemented into the Canadian operational ai…

Abstract. We present an evaluation of the online regional model WRF-Chem over Europe with a focus on ground-level ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The model performance is ev…

Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models are a common tool to assess the effect of climate and land use change on vegetation. Though most applications of dynamic global vegetati…

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) are critical components of Earth system models (ESMs), enabling the simulation of energy and water fluxes that are essential for understanding…

Abstract. Despite the progress made in the latest decades, air pollution is still the primary environmental cause of premature death in Europe. The urban population risks more lik…

Abstract. Atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are at unprecedented, record-high levels compared to the last 800 000 years. Those elevated GHG concentrations warm the p…

Abstract. A new approach for modeling photolysis rates (J values) in atmospheres with fractional cloud cover has been developed and is implemented as Cloud-J – a multi-scattering …

Abstract. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model is a macroscale semi-distributed hydrologic model. VIC development began in the early 1990s and the model has since been u…

Abstract. This paper presents the Modular Assessment of Rainfall–Runoff Models Toolbox (MARRMoT): a modular open-source toolbox containing documentation and model code based on 46…

Abstract. Groundwater plays a key role in meeting water demands, supplying over 40 % of irrigation water globally, with this role likely to grow as water demands and surface water…

Abstract. The ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model is coupled to the ocean general circulation model MPIOM using the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) interface. MPI…

Abstract. Numerical methods and simulation codes are essential for the advancement of our understanding of complex atmospheric processes. As technology and computer hardware conti…

Abstract. The performance of the coupled ocean–atmosphere component of the Brazilian Earth System Model version 2.5 (BESM-OA2.5) was evaluated in simulating the historical period …

Abstract. Atmospheric chemistry models are a central tool to study the impact of chemical constituents on the environment, vegetation and human health. These models are numericall…

Abstract. Warm-sector heavy rainfall along the south China coast poses significant forecasting challenges due to its localized nature and prolonged duration. To improve the predic…

Abstract. Geophysical sensors combined with machine learning algorithms were used to understand the pedosphere system and landscape processes and to model soil attributes. In this…

Abstract. Projections of coastal sea level (SL) changes are of great interest for coastal risk assessment and decision making. SL projections are typically produced using global c…

Abstract. The impact of road traffic on local climate has often been overlooked, being modelled as an aggregated sensible heat flux released into the atmosphere, although it has m…

Abstract. Most Earth system models (ESMs) are running under different high-performance computing (HPC) environments. This has several advantages, from allowing different groups to…

Abstract. Ozone depletion events (ODEs) in the polar boundary layer have been observed frequently during springtime. They are related to events of boundary layer enhancement of br…

Abstract. Fire is a global phenomenon and a key Earth system process. Extreme fire events have increased in recent years, and fire frequency and intensity are projected to rise ac…

Abstract. This study presents SanDyPALM, an innovative toolkit designed to streamline the generation of both static and dynamic input data for the PALM model, thereby facilitating…

Abstract. The width of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) affects tropical rainfall, Earth's albedo, large-scale circulation, and climate sensitivity. To better understand…

Abstract. Glaciers are present in many large river basins, and due to climate change, they are undergoing considerable changes in terms of area, volume, magnitude and seasonality …

Abstract. Three-dimensional (3D) stratigraphic modeling is capable of modeling the shape, topology, and other properties of strata in a digitalized manner. The implicit modeling a…

Abstract. The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) has proposed multiple model experiments during phases 5 and 6 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMI…

Abstract. Coastal wetland vegetation modulates water flow by exerting drag, which has important implications for sediment transport and geomorphic dynamics. This vegetation effect…

Abstract. Seasonal snowpack dynamics shape the biophysical and societal characteristics of many global regions. However, snowpack accumulation and duration have generally declined…

Abstract. Precipitation holds significant importance as a climate parameter in various applications, including studies on the impacts of climate change. However, its simulation or…

Abstract. Numerical simulation, and in particular simulation of the earth system, relies on contributions from diverse communities, from those who develop models to those involved…