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Abstract. The recent IPCC reports state that continued anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are changing the climate, threatening severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts. Slo…

Abstract. The representation of subsurface structures is an essential aspect of a wide variety of geoscientific investigations and applications, ranging from geofluid reservoir st…

Abstract. Atmospheric dry deposition is typically modelled using an average roughness length, which depends on land use. This classical roughness-length approach cannot account fo…

Abstract. Accurately representing coastal and shelf seas in global ocean models represents one of the grand challenges of Earth system science. They are regions of immense societa…

Abstract. Chemistry-transport models involve considerable computational expense. Fine temporal resolution offers accuracy at the expense of computation time. Assessment is needed …

Abstract. Meteorological fronts are important due to their associated surface impacts, including extreme precipitation and extreme winds. Objective identification of fronts is the…

Abstract. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most prominent mode of interannual climate variability; its simulation performance represents a critical benchmark for eva…

Abstract. The National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC) project provides the US with operational and experimental real-time ozone predictions using two different versions o…

Abstract. The operational online version of the Regional Air Quality Deterministic Prediction System (RAQDPS) is a chemical weather forecast system that has been employed by Envir…

Abstract. The non-hydrostatic atmospheric Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS-A), a global variable-resolution modeling framework, is applied at a range of resolutions from h…

Abstract. Probability density functions (PDFs) provide information about the probability of a random variable taking on a specific value. In geoscience, data distributions are oft…

Abstract. SuCCESs (Sustainable Climate Change mitigation strategies in Energy–land–material Systems) is a bottom-up integrated assessment model (IAM) that represents energy produc…

Abstract. A major shift in Arctic sea ice occurred in 2007, transitioning from thicker, deformed ice to thinner, more uniform ice with reduced surface roughness. This abrupt chang…

Abstract. It is important to correctly simulate permafrost in global climate models, since the stored carbon represents the source of a potentially important climate feedback. Thi…

Abstract. This manuscript describes the energy and water components of a new community land surface model called the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). This is developed…

Abstract. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) delivers a wide range of free and open products in relation to atmospheric composition at global and regional scales.…

Abstract. The distribution of data contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is via the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF). The ESGF is a network o…

Abstract. The surface energy budget plays a critical role in terrestrial hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. Nevertheless, its highly spatial heterogeneity across different ve…

Abstract. The Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment–Global Nutrient Model (IMAGE–GNM) is a global distributed, spatially explicit model using hydrology as the basis fo…

Abstract. The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) developed at Environment and Climate Change Canada's Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) is pa…

Abstract. The effective applications of land surface models (LSMs) and hydrologic models pose a varied set of data input and processing needs, ranging from ensuring consistency ch…

Abstract. With increasing number and proximity of wind farms, it becomes crucial to consider wind farm effects (WFEs) in the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models used to fore…

Abstract. Within the framework of the Dust Observations for Models (DO4Models) project, the performance of three commonly used dust emission schemes is investigated in this paper …

Abstract. Accurately monitoring river flows can be challenging, particularly under high-flow conditions. In recent years, there has been considerable development of remote sensing…

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosols play an important role in the climate system by affecting the Earth's radiative budget as well as atmospheric chemistry, and the capabilities to s…

Abstract. The response of crops to changing climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) could have large effects on food production, and impact carbon, water, and energy flu…

Abstract. Land-surface models (LSMs) are crucial components of the Earth system models (ESMs) that are used to make coupled climate–carbon cycle projections for the 21st century. …

Abstract. The ALADIN System is a numerical weather prediction (NWP) system developed by the international ALADIN consortium for operational weather forecasting and research purpos…

Abstract. The development and application of chemistry transport models has a long tradition. Within the Netherlands the LOTOS–EUROS model has been developed by a consortium of in…

Abstract. In this paper we use MEDSLIK-II, a Lagrangian marine surface oil spill model described in Part 1 (De Dominicis et al., 2013), to simulate oil slick transport and transfo…

Abstract. Two new remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) and surface soil moisture (SSM) satellite-derived products are compared with two sets of simulations of the ORganizing Carb…

Abstract. Forest ecosystem processes follow classic responses with age, peaking production around canopy closure and declining thereafter. Although age dynamics might be more domi…

Abstract. We assess the land surface model JSBACHv4 (Jena Scheme for Biosphere Atmosphere Coupling in Hamburg version 4), which was recently developed at the Max Planck Institute …

Abstract. Firedrake is an automated system for solving partial differential equations using the finite-element method. By applying sophisticated performance optimisations through …

Abstract. Igneous intrusions in sedimentary basins may have a profound effect on the thermal structure and physical properties of the hosting sedimentary rocks. These include mech…

Abstract. When comparing model output with historical radiosonde observations, it is usually assumed that a radiosonde has risen exactly above its starting point and has not been …

Abstract. This paper introduces FUME 2.0, an open-source emission processor for air quality modeling, and documents the software structure, capabilities, and sample usage. FUME pr…

Abstract. A simplified model of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) of intermediate complexity between a bulk parameterization and a three-dimensional atmospheric model is develo…

Abstract. Transient processes play a major role in geophysical applications. In this paper, we quantify the significant influence arising from transient processes for conductive h…

Abstract. The degradation of permafrost is a large source of uncertainty in understanding the behaviour and projecting the future impacts of Earth's climate system. The spatial di…

Abstract. We describe an idealized Southern Ocean model (ISOM 1.0) that contains simplified iconic topographic features in the Southern Ocean and conduct a fully mesoscale-resolvi…

Abstract. Isca is a framework for the idealized modelling of the global circulation of planetary atmospheres at varying levels of complexity and realism. The framework is an outgr…

Abstract. The Two-streAm Radiative TransfEr in Snow (TARTES) model computes the spectral albedo and the profiles of spectral absorption, irradiance, and actinic fluxes for a multi…

Abstract. This paper discusses the newly developed Decision Support System version 1.0 (DSS v1.0) for air quality management activities in Delhi, India. In addition to standard ai…

Abstract. The paper describes a switchable parameterization of collisional ice break-up (CIBU), an ice multiplication process that fits in with the two-moment microphysical Liquid…

Abstract. Physical and biogeochemical processes regulate soil carbon dynamics and CO2 flux to and from the atmosphere, influencing global climate changes. Integration of these pro…

Abstract. This article discusses the problem of identifying extreme climate events such as intense storms within large climate data sets. The basic storm detection algorithm is re…

Abstract. To exploit the possibilities of parallel computers, we designed a large-scale bidimensional atmospheric advection model named Pangolin. As the basis for a future chemist…

Abstract. In this paper, an efficient and conservative collocation method is proposed and used to develop a global shallow-water model. Being a nodal type high-order scheme, the p…

Abstract. Various semi-Lagrangian methods are tested with respect to advection in air pollution modeling. The aim is to find a method fulfilling as many of the desirable propertie…