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Abstract. Farms are not homogeneous. Smaller farms generally have different planted crops, yields, agricultural inputs, and irrigation applications compared to larger farms. Howev…

Abstract. Vehicles are among the most important contributors to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, the lack of fuel-, vehicle-type-, and age-specific information about g…

Abstract. We present version 1.0 of a global catalog of NOx emissions from point sources, derived from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) measurements of tropospheric NO…

Abstract. The Valgarður database is a compilation of data describing the physical and geochemical properties of Icelandic rocks. The dataset comprises 1166 samples obtained from f…

Abstract. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) offers precise, continuous monitoring of atmospheric water vapor, essential for weather forecasting and climate research. T…

Abstract. We present the organization, instrumentation, datasets, data interpretation, modeling, and accomplishments of the multinational global atmospheric measurement program AG…

Abstract. Structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry has become an important tool for the digitalisation of outcrops as digital outcrop models (DOMs). DOMs facilitate the mapping …

Abstract. Most of the world's permafrost is located in the Arctic, where its frozen organic carbon content makes it a potentially important influence on the global climate system.…

Abstract. The V.3 data release from the Baker Creek Research Watershed documents hydrometeorological and hydrological conditions from 2003 to 2025. Baker Creek drains 155 km2 of s…

Abstract. Aviation emission accounting is the key to establishing market measures to control aviation pollutant emissions. Based on the fuel percentage method (FPM), this paper ap…

Abstract. Dating recent sediment archives (< 150 years) constitutes a prerequisite for environmental and climatic reconstructions. Radiocaesium (137Cs) emitted during thermonuclea…

Abstract. Knowledge of the distribution, extent, duration and timing of snowmelt is critical for characterizing the Earth's climate system and its changes. As a result, snow cover…

Abstract. The Indian capital megacity of Delhi is reeling under deteriorating air quality, and control measures are not yielding any significant changes, mainly due to a poor unde…

Abstract. Nighttime light (NTL) data serve as critical indicators of human activities and have been widely applied in urbanization monitoring and socioeconomic analyses. The two m…

Abstract. Climate change poses a significant threat to agriculture, with potential impacts on food security, economic stability, and human livelihoods. Dairy cattle, a crucial com…

Abstract. Current glacier melt rates in West Antarctica substantially exceed those around the East Antarctic margin. The exception is Wilkes Land, where for example Totten Glacier…

Abstract. The production and evaluation of the analysis-ready and cloud-optimized (ARCO) data cube for continental Europe (including Ukraine, the UK, and Türkiye), derived from th…

Abstract. Phosphorus (P) surplus in soils significantly contributes to the eutrophication and degradation of water quality in surface waters worldwide. Despite extensive European …

Abstract. This paper describes the comprehensive homogenization of the "Global Radiosonde and tracked balloon Archive on Sixteen Pressure levels" (GRASP) wind records. Many of tho…

Abstract. Water column data of carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 cruises in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic and Southern Ocean …

Abstract. This data paper presents an overview of the cloud spectrometers deployed during the Pallas Cloud Experiment (PaCE) in autumn 2022, a coordinated measurement campaign in …

Abstract. Recently, the reprocessed Advanced Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS)-N Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) tropospheric water vapour and temperature dat…

Abstract. The irreversible trend for global warming underscores the necessity for accurate monitoring and analysis of atmospheric carbon dynamics on a global scale. Carbon satelli…

Abstract. In recent decades, the climate of Tibetan Plateau has undergone notable changes, which has a strong influence on global climate systems and human activities, making it a…

Abstract. Fishing – especially trawling – is one of the most ubiquitous anthropogenic pressures on marine ecosystems worldwide, yet very few long-term, spatially explicit datasets…

Abstract. We explore a methodology to statistically downscale snowfall – the primary driver of surface mass balance in Antarctica – from an ensemble of historical (1850–present da…

Abstract. 3D geological models are an essential source of information for research as well as for the safe and efficient use of the underground. They provide not only a visualizat…

Abstract. Water column data of carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic, and…

Abstract. We present a unique, timestamped, high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and orthomosaic dataset, derived from aerial imagery that covers about 12 000 km2 area on…

Abstract. Yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.; MEOF) is an invasive forb pervasive across the Northern Great Plains in the United States, often linked to traits su…

Abstract. The French coast of the eastern English Channel (ECC) is classified as a potential eutrophication zone by the Oslo and Paris (OSPAR) Convention and as moderate to poor a…

Abstract. During the Last Glacial Period, the climate shift to cold conditions associated with changes in atmospheric circulation and vegetation cover resulted in the development …

Abstract. Wildfires have a strong negative effect on the environment, ecology and public health. However, the potential degradation of mainstream global fire products leads to lar…

Abstract. Holocene climate reconstructions are useful for understanding the diverse features and spatial heterogeneity of past and future climate change. Here we present a databas…

Abstract. Determining number concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is one of the first steps in the chain in analysis of cloud droplet formation, the direct microphysi…

Abstract. Small unmanned aerial systems (sUASs) are becoming very popular as affordable and reliable observation platforms. The Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation – a …

Abstract. Offshore wind energy is at the advent of a massive global expansion. To investigate the development of the offshore wind energy sector, optimal offshore wind farm locati…

Abstract. Consistent and continuous data on glacier surface velocity are important inputs to time series analyses, numerical ice dynamic modeling and glacier mass flux computation…

Abstract. Soil moisture is key for understanding soil–plant–atmosphere interactions. We provide a soil moisture pattern recognition framework to increase the spatial resolution an…

Abstract. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with reg…

Abstract. In this paper, we describe the construction of the Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database, which includes vertically resolved ozone and wa…

Abstract. Observation Package (ObsPack) is a framework designed to bring together atmospheric greenhouse gas observations from a variety of sampling platforms, prepare them with s…

Abstract. Inhomogeneities in the sunshine duration (SSD) observational series, caused by non-climatic factors like China's widespread transition from manual to automatic SSD recor…

Abstract. Phenological events are integrative and sensitive indicators of ecosystem processes that respond to climate, water and nutrient availability, disturbance, and environmen…

Abstract. This description paper presents a detailed and consistent estimate and analysis of exhaust pollutant emissions generated by Chile's road transport activity for the perio…

Abstract. Measuring the spatiotemporal dynamics of lake and reservoir water storage is fundamental for assessing the influence of climate variability and anthropogenic activities …

Abstract. China is facing the challenge of synergistic reduction of air pollutants and CO2 emissions. However, the studies on its historical progress and future priorities are ins…

Abstract. Soil heterotrophic respiration (RH) is one of the largest and most uncertain components of the terrestrial carbon cycle, directly reflecting carbon loss from soils to th…

Abstract. A better understanding of the hydrological functioning of irrigated crops using remote sensing observations is of prime importance in semi-arid areas where water resourc…

Abstract. High-resolution gridded daily data are needed to study historical climate and weather impacts. Current daily gridded data sets in Switzerland extend to 1961 or 1971 for …