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Abstract. The present work presents a new observational gridded dataset (referred to as Iberia01) for daily precipitation and temperatures produced using a dense network (thousand…

Abstract. The goal of the present work is to provide the scientific community with a high-resolution atlas of temperature and salinity for the Mediterranean Sea based on the most …

Abstract. We present the surface albedo data in the third edition of the CM SAF cLoud, Albedo and surface Radiation (CLARA) data record family. The temporal coverage of this editi…

Abstract. The Countryside Survey (CS) of Great Britain provides a globally unique series of datasets, consisting of an extensive set of repeated ecological measurements at a natio…

Abstract. We present an improved medium (250 m) spatial resolution land mask based on augmenting earlier results of Mikelsons et al. (2021) to reflect recent changes in global wat…

Abstract. Surface air temperature (SAT) is a key indicator of global warming and plays an important role in glacier melting. On the Tibetan Plateau (TP), there exists a large numb…

Abstract. As part of the EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of cloud–circulation coupling in climate) field campaign, which took place in January and February 2020 over the western tro…

Abstract. Soil moisture (SM) datasets are critical to understanding the global water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles and benefit extensive societal applications. However, indiv…

Abstract. Tritium (3H) as a constituent of the water molecule is an important natural tracer in hydrological sciences. The anthropogenic tritium introduced into the atmosphere uni…

Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) variability affects marine ecosystems, fisheries, ocean primary productivity and human activities and is the primary influence on typhoon i…

Abstract. A valuable analogue for assessing Earth's sensitivity to warming is the Last Interglacial (LIG; 129–116 ka), when global temperatures (0 to +2 ∘C) and mean sea level (+6…

Abstract. The European climatological high-resolution gauge-adjusted radar precipitation dataset, EURADCLIM, addresses the need for an accurate (sub)daily precipitation product co…

Abstract. The German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) is a cooperative atmospheric observation network, which aims at improving the scientific understanding of aerosol-related eff…

Abstract. Wind waves play an important role in the climate system, modulating the energy exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere and effecting ocean mixing. However, existin…

Abstract. Lake Superior is one of the largest freshwater lakes on our planet, but few optical observations have been made to allow for the development and validation of visible sp…

Abstract. Climate change and global warming strongly impact the cryosphere. The rise of air temperature and change of precipitation patterns lead to dramatic responses of snow and…

Abstract. Assessing the impact of changes on the environment driven by natural or anthropogenic forcers includes the comparison between antecedent and post-event conditions. The l…

Abstract. The low accuracy of satellite cloud fraction (CF) data over the Arctic seriously restricts the accurate assessment of the regional and global radiative energy balance un…

Abstract. Actual terrestrial evapotranspiration (ETa) is a key parameter controlling land–atmosphere interaction processes and water cycle. However, spatial distribution and tempo…

Abstract. During the Atlantic References and Convection (ARC) ship campaign with the reference MSM114/2, which took place in early 2023, the German research vessel Maria S. Merian…

Abstract. Marine spatial planning and environmental management in Antarctica require reliable data to address challenges such as climate change impacts, sea level changes, and the…

Abstract. Acritarchs are microfossils of unclear biological affinities, mostly considered to be algae, with great significance for studying the origin and evolution of early life …

Abstract. The paper describes the steps taken for quality controlling chosen parameters within the Arctic Ocean data included in the CARINA data set and checking for offsets betwe…

Abstract. eLTER was a “Horizon 2020” project with the aim of advancing the development of long-term ecosystem research infrastructure in Europe. This paper describes how eLTER Inf…

Abstract. Radiolarians (holoplanktonic protozoa) preserved in marine sediments are commonly used as palaeoclimate proxies for reconstructing past Southern Ocean environments. Gene…

Abstract. The Utah Urban CO2 Network (UUCON) is a network of near-surface atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement sites aimed at quantifying long-term changes in urban and ru…

Abstract. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is one of the five instruments hosted on board the NASA Terra platform, launched on 18 December 1999. This instrument ha…

Abstract. Seven oceanographic cruises in 5 years were organized in the Sea of Sardinia with the repeated collection of physical, chemical and biological data. An accurate and sust…

Abstract. The PermaSense project is an ongoing interdisciplinary effort between geo-science and engineering disciplines and started in 2006 with the goals of realizing observation…

Abstract. Trees established in linear formations can be utilised as windbreak structures on farms as a form of agroforestry system. We present an extensive data package collected …

Abstract. To understand tropospheric air pollution at regional and global scales, the SPIRIT (SPectromètre Infra-Rouge In situ Toute altitude) airborne instrument was developed an…

Abstract. A 2-year dataset of a stand-alone mooring, deployed in November 2020 down the Levante Canyon in the eastern Ligurian Sea, is presented. The Levante Canyon Mooring (LCM) …

Abstract. The Sheshan Geomagnetic Observatory (International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) code SSH), China was built in Xujiahui, Shanghai in 1874 and moved to …

Abstract. The Siberian Arctic is warming rapidly, causing permafrost to thaw and altering the biogeochemistry of aquatic environments, with cascading effects on the coastal and sh…

Abstract. Assessing changes in the density of snow and firn is vital to convert volume changes into mass changes on glaciers and ice sheets. Firn models simulate this process but …

Abstract. An atmospheric chemistry transport model (FRAME) is used here to calculate annual UK N deposition for the years 1990–2017, at a 1 km × 1 km resolution. Reactive nitrogen…

Abstract. Stable water isotopes stored in snow, firn and ice are used to reconstruct climatic parameters. The imprint of these parameters at the snow surface and their preservatio…

Abstract. There are international recommendations that the environment (i.e. wildlife) is assessed for the potential impact of releases of ionizing radiation. The transfer of radi…

Abstract. Forests strongly modify the accumulation, metamorphism and melting of snow in midlatitude and high-latitude regions. Recently, snow routines in hydrological and land sur…

Abstract. The rapid changes occurring in the polar regions require an improved understanding of the processes that are driving these changes. At the same time, increased human act…

Abstract. Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) is the dominant species in both natural and planted forests in northeast China, which is situated in the southernmost part of the g…

Abstract. Trace gases have demonstrated their strength for oceanographic studies, with applications ranging from the tracking of glacial meltwater plumes to estimates of the abyss…

Abstract. The spatial and temporal resolutions of contemporary microwave-based sea surface salinity (SSS) measurements are insufficient. Thus, we developed a gap-free gridded dail…

Abstract. An updated near-surface temperature reconstruction for the Antarctic continent is presented for 1958–2022 (65 years) as monthly anomalies relative to 1981–2010 (RECON; B…

Abstract. Within the framework of the UV-Indien network, nine ground stations have been equipped with ultraviolet broadband radiometers, five of them have also been equipped with …

Abstract. In this data paper, the sea level time series at Socoa (Saint-Jean-de-Luz, southwestern France) is extended through a data archaeology exercise. We conducted a comprehen…

Abstract. Understanding land surface morphology and its relief components, which record the dynamics of the planet's evolution and interaction of multiple environmental factors, c…

Abstract. Atmospheric measurements of the short-lived radioactive noble gas radon-222 (222Rn) have many applications. Its concentrations are driven by atmospheric mixing as well a…

Abstract. Most scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) that project greenhouse gas emissions include the use of bioenergy as a means to reduce CO2 emissions or even to …

Abstract. Accurate long-term temperature and precipitation estimates at high spatial and temporal resolutions are vital for a wide variety of climatological studies. We have produ…