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Abstract. Knowledge about the long history of the anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is crucial to capture long-term N and P processes (legacies) and to inves…

Abstract. Carbonyl sulphide (OCS) is the most abundant, long-lived sulphur gas in the atmosphere and a major supplier of sulphur to the stratospheric sulphate aerosol layer. The s…

Abstract. In recent decades, rapid ice shelf disintegration along the Antarctic Peninsula has had a global impact through enhancing outlet glacier flow and hence sea level rise an…

Abstract. This data paper presents a harmonized and quality-controlled dataset resulting from 24 years (2000–2024) of monthly monitoring at three coastal stations in Normandy, Fra…

Abstract. Green roofs can mitigate heat, increase biodiversity, and attenuate storm water, giving some of the benefits of natural vegetation in an urban context where ground space…

Abstract. Hydrometeorological observations of small watersheds of the northeast Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (NPCTR) of North America are important to understand land to o…

Abstract. In March 2013, the Springtime Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (STABLE) was carried out in the Fram Strait region and over Svalbard to investigate atmospheric conve…

Abstract. Framed within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) of the European Commission, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is producing an enha…

Abstract. Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the Earth. As the cause and result of global environmental change, land cover change (LCC) influences the global en…

Abstract. A tremendous amount of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has been applied to agricultural lands to promote crop production in the US since the 1850s. However, inappr…

Abstract. This study presents the results from the Tropospheric Chemistry Reanalysis version 2 (TCR-2) for the period 2005–2018 at 1.1∘ horizontal resolution obtained from the ass…

Abstract. Rivers transport dissolved and solid loads from terrestrial realms to the oceans and between inland reservoirs, representing major mass fluxes on Earth's surface. The co…

Abstract. The main objective of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is to remove pathogens, nutrients, organics, and other pollutants from wastewater. After these contaminants are…

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns led to a sharp drop in socio-economic activities in China in 2020, including reductions in fossil fuel use, industry productions, and tra…

Abstract. Accurate maps of irrigation extent and dynamics are crucial for studying food security and its far-reaching impacts on Earth systems and the environment. While several e…

Abstract. Climate warming and anthropogenic disturbances result in permafrost degradation in cold regions, including in the Qilian Mountains. These changes lead to extensive hills…

Abstract. In recent years, the importance of continental-scale hazard maps for riverine floods has grown. Nowadays, such maps are used for a variety of research and commercial act…

Abstract. Several sets of reference regions have been used in the literature for the regional synthesis of observed and modelled climate and climate change information. A popular …

Abstract. Over the last decade, large-sample approaches, i.e., based on large catchment sets, have become increasingly popular in hydrological studies. Efforts were made to assemb…

Abstract. Surface soil moisture (SSM) is crucial for understanding the hydrological process of our earth surface. The passive microwave (PM) technique has long been the primary to…

Abstract. A main limitation today in simulations and inversions of microwave observations of ice hydrometeors (cloud ice, snow, hail, etc.) is the lack of data describing the inte…

Abstract. Global products of remote sensing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are critical to assessing the vegetation dynamic and its impacts and feedbacks on climate…

Abstract. Quantifying the extent and distribution of supraglacial hydrology, i.e. lakes and streams, is important for understanding the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet and…

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is very important in the vulnerable ecological environment of the Third Pole; however, data regarding the spatial distribution of SOC are still…

Abstract. Characterizing the temporal uncertainty in palaeoclimate records is crucial for analysing past climate change, correlating climate events between records, assessing clim…

Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to bette…

Abstract. The Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) instrument onboard the NIMBUS 5 satellite was a one-channel microwave radiometer that measured the 19.35 GHz horizo…

Abstract. There is increasing interest in global dynamic soil information with changes in soil properties mapped over time and at high spatial resolution. Thanks to long-term, mul…

Abstract. In order to effectively model the potential impacts of future climate change, there is a requirement for climate data inputs which (a) are of high spatial and temporal r…

Abstract. Although process-based soil erosion models are valuable tools for predicting and managing soil erosion, their limitations arise from constraints in integrating novel dat…

Abstract. The natural resources of Ethiopian high-altitude ecosystems are commonly perceived as increasingly threatened by devastating land-use practices owing to decreasing lowla…

Abstract. We present a gridded dataset for rainfall streamflow modeling that is fully spatially resolved and covers five complete river basins in central Europe: upper Danube, Elb…

Abstract. Accurate monitoring of crop yield is critical for ensuring food security. While various yield datasets covering Northeast China exist, they were produced at a coarse spa…

Abstract. The Countryside Survey (CS) of Great Britain (GB) provides a unique and statistically robust series of datasets, consisting of an extensive set of repeated ecological me…

Abstract. The ever-improving performances of physics-based simulations and the rapid developments of deep learning are offering new perspectives to study earthquake-induced ground…

Abstract. Information on the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation is required by public authorities, civil security departments, and engineers for the design of buildi…

Abstract. The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical data, with an emphasis on …

Abstract. River ice, like open-water conditions, is an integral component of the cold-climate hydrological cycle. The annual succession of river ice formation, growth, decay and c…

Abstract. Repeated sampling of spatially distributed river chemistry can be used to assess the location, scale, and persistence of carbon and nutrient contributions to watershed e…

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is responsible for regulating the hydrological cycle, with a relevant impact on air humidity and precipitation that is particularly important in …

Abstract. In this paper, we present a HARMonized dataset of OZone profiles (HARMOZ) based on limb and occultation measurements from Envisat (GOMOS, MIPAS and SCIAMACHY), Odin (OSI…

Abstract. Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes are widely used as tracers of the water cycle, and surface water is an integral part of the water cycle. Compared with other waterbod…

Abstract. A dataset of microphysical cloud parameters from optically thin clouds, retrieved from infrared spectral radiances measured in summer 2017 in the Arctic, is presented. M…

Abstract. Radiative transfer (RT) simulations have long been used to study the relationships between the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of seawater and light fields within and…

Abstract. Trait-based approaches are of increasing concern in predicting vegetation changes and linking ecosystem structures to functions at large scales. However, a critical chal…

Abstract. China is the largest emitter of global methane emissions, contributing about 10 % to anthropogenic climate change based on existing methane inventories. However, signifi…

Abstract. The thermal state of permafrost in the present and future is fundamental to ecosystem evolution, hydrological processes, carbon release and infrastructure integrity in c…

Abstract. A new meteorological dataset derived from records of Antarctic automatic weather stations (here called the AntAWS dataset) at 3 h, daily and monthly resolutions includin…

Abstract. Meteorological, snow survey, streamflow, and groundwater data are presented from Marmot Creek Research Basin, Alberta, Canada. The basin is a 9.4 km2, alpine–montane for…

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone (O3) plays a key role in the climate system. Studying pre-industrial tropospheric O3 implies two important challenges: (i) the lack of observational r…