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Abstract. For about 2 decades, oceanographers have been installing oxygen sensors on Argo profiling floats to be deployed throughout the world ocean, with the stated objective of …

Abstract. As a linkage among water, energy, and carbon cycles, global actual evapotranspiration (ET) plays an essential role in agriculture, water resource management, and climate…

Abstract. Long-term, continuous in situ observations of the near-surface atmospheric boundary layer are critical for many weather and climate applications. Although there is a pro…

Abstract. Antarctic digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential for fieldwork, ice motion tracking and the numerical modelling of the ice sheet. In the past 30 years, several An…

Abstract. Lake surface temperature (LST) is an important attribute that highlights regional weather and climate variability and trends. The spatial resolution and thermal sensors …

Abstract. Accurately quantifying global mass changes at the Earth's surface is essential for understanding climate system dynamics and their evolution. Satellite gravimetry, as re…

Abstract. Insufficient spatiotemporal coverage of observations of the surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) has hindered precise carbon cycle studies in coastal oceans and justif…

Abstract. In recent years, advancements in machine learning based interpolation methods have enabled the production of high-resolution maps of sea surface partial pressure of CO2 …

Abstract. For two years (September 2021 to October 2023), I rode a bicycle carrying sensors that simultaneously measured GPS time and position, air temperature(s), surface tempera…

Abstract. Phytoplankton bloom phenology is an important indicator for the monitoring and management of marine resources and the assessment of climate change impacts on ocean ecosy…

Abstract. Global ocean reanalyses combine in situ and satellite ocean observations with a general circulation ocean model to estimate the time-evolving state of the ocean, and the…

Abstract. Carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical ancillary data from previously not publicly available cruises were retrieved and recently merged to a new data …

Abstract. Snow over sea ice controls energy budgets and affects sea ice growth and melting and thus has essential effects on the climate. Passive microwave radiometers can be used…

Abstract. Lakes can be effective indicators of climate change, and this is especially so for the lakes over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), the highest plateau in the world, whic…

Abstract. Against the backdrop of global change, in terms of both climate and demography, there is a pressing need for monitoring of the global water cycle. The publicly available…

Abstract. This paper introduces a unique multiyear dataset and the monitoring capability of the PANDA automatic weather station network, which includes 11 automatic weather statio…

Abstract. Coastal mangroves, thriving at the interface between land and sea, provide robust flood risk reduction. Projected increases in the frequency and magnitude of climate imp…

Abstract. High-quality and long-term soil moisture products are significant for hydrologic monitoring and agricultural management. However, the acquired daily Advanced Microwave S…

Abstract. From 2014 to 2021 during the cyclone seasons, extensive monitoring of the hydrodynamics within a variety of lagoons of New Caledonia was conducted as a part of the PRESE…

Abstract. Here, the authors describe the construction of a forcing data set for land surface models (including both physical and biogeochemical models; LSMs) with eight meteorolog…

Abstract. The oceanic biological carbon pump is an important factor in the global carbon cycle. Organic carbon is exported from the surface ocean mainly in the form of settling pa…

Abstract. As our climate changes through time there is an ever-increasing need to quantify how and where it is changing so that mitigation strategies can be implemented. Urban are…

Abstract. We present data collected in the framework of the Algerian BAsin Circulation Unmanned Survey (ABACUS) project. The main objective of ABACUS is the monitoring of the basi…

Abstract. A 19-year (1998–2016) continuous dataset is presented of coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi distributions and activity, i.e. the release of CaCO3 in water and the decreas…

Abstract. The German polarimetric C-band weather radar Poldirad (Polarization Diversity Radar) was deployed for the international field campaign EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of c…

Abstract. This article provides an overview of the daily Crocus–ERA5 snow product covering the Northern Hemisphere from 1950 to 2022. It assesses the product's performance in term…

Abstract. We strategically placed spatially distributed sensors to provide representative measures of changes in snowpack and subsurface water storage, plus the fluxes affecting t…

Abstract. The British Columbia Ungauged Basin (BCUB) dataset is an open-source, extensible dataset of attributes describing terrain, soil, land cover, and climate indices of over …

Abstract. A global nutrient gridded dataset that might be the basis for studies of more accurate spatial distributions of nutrients in the global ocean was created and named GND13…

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and a critical target of climate mitigation efforts. However, actionable emission reduction efforts are complicated by lar…

Abstract. The Barents Sea, located between the Norwegian Sea and the Arctic Ocean, is one of the main pathways of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Changes in the w…

Abstract. We present a building damage dataset following the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake. The database was compiled from freely available, multi-source, remote sensing data, ve…

Abstract. The AR6 Scenarios Database is a vital repository of climate change mitigation pathways used in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment cyc…

Abstract. Riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a vital role in regional and global carbon cycles. However, the processes of DOC conversion from soil organic carbon (SOC) …

Abstract. Quantification of uncertainty in surface mass change signals derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements poses challenges, especially when dealing with lar…

Abstract. Since 2003, the state-of-the-art Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) research icebreaker Amundsen has furrowed the Canadian Arctic waters to support novel research endeavor…

Abstract. Partially due to global climate change, sand and dust storms (SDSs) have occurred more and more frequently, yet a detailed measurement of SDS events at different heights…

Abstract. Knowledge about the coverage and characteristics of glaciers in High Mountain Asia (HMA) is still incomplete and heterogeneous. However, several applications, such as mo…

Abstract. Precise and continuous monitoring of long-term carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) over the globe is of great importance, which can help study global warming and achi…

Abstract. To assess the history of greenhouse gas emissions and individual countries' contributions to emissions and climate change, detailed historical data are needed. We combin…

Abstract. We here describe, document, and make available a wide range of data sets used for annual-layer identification in ice cores from DYE-3, GRIP, NGRIP, NEEM, and EGRIP. The …

Abstract. Millet agriculture, i.e., broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), initially originated in northern China and provided the basis for th…

Abstract. Measurements from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) combined with a global 12-box model of the atmosphere have long been used to estimate global e…

Abstract. Forests in Europe are undergoing complex changes that require a comprehensive monitoring of disturbance occurrence. Here, we present the European Forest Disturbance Atla…

Abstract. We present a global high-resolution calculation of the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System indices using surface meteorology from the ERA5 HRES reanalysis for 1979–…

Abstract. Evapotranspiration over crop growth period, also referred to as the consumptive water footprint of crop production (WFCP), is an essential component of the hydrological …

Abstract. Land-atmosphere (LA) interactions, through the turbulent exchange of water, heat and CO2 fluxes, strongly influence regional micro-climates, water cycles, energy budgets…

Abstract. The Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) of Microwave Imager Radiances from the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) comprises inter-calibrate…

Abstract. In addition to enhancing agricultural productivity, synthetic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer application in croplands dramatically alters global nutrient bu…

Abstract. Climate change and extreme weather events pose challenges to food security, emphasizing the need for reliable and timely monitoring of crop and rangeland conditions. For…