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Abstract. The expected global sea level rise by the year 2100 will determine adaptation of the whole coastal system and the land retreat of the shoreline. Future scenarios coupled…

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) require reliable forcing, validation, and surface attribute data as the foundation for effective model development and improvement. Eddy covar…

Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions andtheir redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biospherein a changing climate i…

Abstract. We present snow observations and a validated daily gridded snowpack dataset that was simulated from downscaled reanalysis of data for the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian …

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to present the multi-orbit (MO) surface soil moisture (SM) and angle-binned brightness temperature (TB) products for the SMOS (Soil Moistu…

Abstract. We introduce the Frequent Rainfall Observations on GridS (FROGS) database (Roca et al., 2019). It is composed of gridded daily-precipitation products on a common 1∘×1∘ g…

Abstract. Lake surface water temperature (LSWT) is a critical physical property of the aquatic ecosystem and an evident indicator of climate change. By combining the strengths of …

Abstract. This paper describes a blended sea-surface temperature (SST) data set that is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Data Record (CDR…

Abstract. Over the last decades, economic developments in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta have led to a sharp increase in groundwater pumping for domestic, agricultural and industrial…

Abstract. Sub-millimeter (200–1000 GHz) wavelengths contribute a unique capability to fill in the sensitivity gap between operational visible–infrared (VIS–IR) and microwave (MW) …

Abstract. The estimation of CO2 exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere is essential to understand the global carbon cycle. The eddy-covariance technique offers a very direc…

Abstract. Ongoing atmospheric warming has accelerated glacier mass loss in many mountain regions worldwide. Glacier lakes trap part of the glacial meltwater and have increased by …

Abstract. The analysis of biological and ecological traits has a long history in evolutionary and ecological research. However, trait data are often scattered and standardised ter…

Abstract. An accurate paddy rice map is crucial for ensuring food security, particularly for Southeast and Northeast Asia. MODIS satellite data are useful for mapping paddy rice a…

Abstract. The splitting and merging of mesoscale eddies constitute significant dynamical processes and remain a central subject of investigation in oceanographic research. An eddy…

Abstract. The aim of the World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) is to serve quality-assessed, georeferenced soil data (point, polygon, and grid) to the international community upo…

Abstract. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite is a valuable tool for monitoring global soil freeze–thaw dynamics, particularly in high-latitude environments wher…

Abstract. Proven by multiple theoretical and practical studies, multi-angular spectral polarimetry is ideal for comprehensive retrieval of properties of aerosols. Furthermore, a l…

Abstract. The question of how to derive and present uncertainty information in climate data records (CDRs) has received sustained attention within the European Space Agency Climat…

Abstract. International databases of disaster impacts are crucial for advancing disaster risk research, particularly as climate change intensifies the frequency and intensity of m…

Abstract. The Mount Brown South ice core (MBS 69.111° S 86.312° E) is a new, high resolution ice core drilled in coastal East Antarctica. With mean annual accumulation estimated t…

Abstract. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), known as the Third Pole of the Earth and the “water tower of Asia”, plays a crucial role in global climate regulation, biodiversity cons…

Abstract. Sea state data are of major importance for climate studies, marine engineering, safety at sea and coastal management. However, long-term sea state datasets are sparse an…

Abstract. The Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) on the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) has…

Abstract. Climate change increases the occurrence and severity of droughts due to increasing temperatures, altered circulation patterns, and reduced snow occurrence. While Europe …

Abstract. Sea level is a very sensitive index of climate change since it integrates the impacts of ocean warming and ice mass loss from glaciers and the ice sheets. Sea level has …

Abstract. The use of ground sampled water quality information for global studies is limited due to practical and financial constraints. Remote sensing is a valuable means to overc…

Abstract. Thunderstorm downbursts are windstorms due to intense negatively-buoyant flows produced beneath cumulonimbus clouds. Their study has recently attracted significant scien…

Abstract. Wildfires are increasingly impacting social and environmental systems in the United States (US). The ability to mitigate the adverse effects of wildfires increases with …

Abstract. Data and knowledge of surface water bodies (SWB), including large lakes and reservoirs (surface water areas > 1 km2), are critical for the management and sustainability …

Abstract. The retrieval of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from space is a relatively new advance in Earth observation science, having only become feasible within the…

Abstract. Ocean fronts have garnered significant attention from researchers across various scientific disciplines due to their profound ecological and climatic impacts. The develo…

Abstract. Drainage basins delineate Earth's land surface into individual water collection units. Basin shape and river sinuosity determine water and sediment dynamics, affecting l…

Abstract. The objective of the study is to provide global grids (0.5°) of revised annual coefficients for the Priestley–Taylor (P-T) and Hargreaves–Samani (H-S) evapotranspiration…

Abstract. High-latitude terrestrial ecosystems are key components in the global carbon (C) cycle. Estimates of global soil organic carbon (SOC), however, do not include updated es…

Abstract. In recent years, the demand for rice in Africa has been growing rapidly, and, in order to meet this demand, the rice cultivation area is also expanding rapidly; thus, it…

Abstract. Long-term burn severity assessment can support better pre- and post-fire management plans. In this study, the Portuguese Burn Severity Atlas was created, containing hist…

Abstract. Marine sediments are among the largest carbon reservoirs on the planet and play a key role in the global cycling of organic matter. Bottom fisheries are the most widespr…

Abstract. Between 1 July and 30 September 2018, small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS), tethered balloon systems (TBSs), and additional radiosondes were deployed at Oliktok Point,…

Abstract. Measuring salinity from space is challenging since the sensitivity of the brightness temperature (TB) to sea surface salinity (SSS) is low (about 0.5 K psu−1), while the…

Abstract. Observational data on soil physical and hydraulic properties are important for improving our understanding of hydrological processes. This is particularly relevant given…

Abstract. Dolphins are highly vocal cetaceans with a complex acoustic repertoire. These marine mammals rely heavily on sound for critical activities: echolocation clicks for navig…

Abstract. Seven long-term observation sites have been established in six regions across Austria, covering major ecosystem types such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands across a …

Abstract. Black carbon, a major absorbing component of atmospheric aerosols, plays an important role in climate regulation, air quality, and human health, yet its column concentra…

Abstract. On 22 May 1985 the first balloon-borne ozonesonde was successfully launched by the staff of Georg-Forster-Station (70°46' S, 11°41' E). The subsequent weekly ozone sound…

Abstract. In this paper we introduce a new high-resolution (1/10°) data-driven dataset of 3D ocean currents developed by the National Research Council of Italy in the framework of…

Abstract. The Sydney Particle Study involved the comprehensive measurement of meteorology, particles and gases at a location in western Sydney during February–March 2011 and April…

Abstract. The Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem covers an area of roughly 800 000 km2 and contains up to 3.3 % soil organic carbon in the uppermost 30 cm, summing up to 1.93 Pg C fo…

Abstract. Several open-ocean mesoscale features – a "young" warm-core (anti-cyclonic) eddy at 52° S, an "older" warm-core eddy at 57.5° S and an adjacent cold-core (cyclonic) eddy…