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Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived potent greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone-depleting substance that has been accumulating in the atmosphere since the preindustria…

Abstract. In 2018, 70 years have passed since the beginning of observations at the Kolyma Water-Balance Station (KWBS), a unique scientific research hydrological and permafrost ca…

Abstract. This paper presents the SURATLANT data set (SURveillance ATLANTique). It consists of individual data of temperature, salinity, parameters of the carbonate system, nutrie…

Abstract. Developing air quality management systems to control the impacts of air pollution requires reliable data. However, current initiatives do not provide datasets with large…

Abstract. IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) is the core instrument of the currently three Metop (Meteorological operational) satellites of EUMETSAT (European Org…

Abstract. The collection, processing, and analysis of remote sensing data since the early 1970s has rapidly improved our understanding of change on the Earth's surface. While sate…

Abstract. This paper presents version 1.0 of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), a global database of sea-level proxies and samples dated to marine isotope st…

Abstract. The glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) potentially make a large contribution to sea level rise. However, this contribution has been difficult to estimate since no …

Abstract. Mineral dust aerosol is important in the Earth system, and the correct representation of its size distribution is fundamental for shaping the current state and evolution…

Abstract. The data set “Spatial radionuclide deposition data from the 60 radial km area around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant: results from a sampling survey in 1987” is the la…

Abstract. Land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) impacts local energy and water balance and contributes on global scale to a net carbon emission to the atmosphere. The newly relea…

Abstract. Spatiotemporally contiguous paleo-vegetation reconstructions are essential for studying climate-vegetation interactions, providing critical data for paleoclimate modelin…

Abstract. In Italy, a complete and updated database including the most relevant structural information regarding reservoirs and characteristics of their upstream watersheds is cur…

Abstract. A global gridded net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 dataset is vital in global and regional carbon cycle studies. Top-down atmospheric inversion is one of the major met…

Abstract. Ground temperature at a fixed depth is a crucial boundary condition for understanding the properties of deep permafrost. However, the commonly used mean annual ground te…

Abstract. Scientific interest in the sub-polar gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean has increased in recent years. The sub-polar gyre has contracted and weakened, and changes in circu…

Abstract. Understanding global livestock dynamics is essential for global food security, public health, socio-economic and sustainable development. This study developed an automat…

Abstract. Clouds and precipitation have vital roles in the global hydrological cycle and the radiation budget of the atmosphere–Earth system and are closely related to both the re…

Abstract. Tephra layers produced by volcanic eruptions are widely used for correlation and dating of various deposits and landforms, for synchronization of disparate paleoenvironm…

Abstract. Methane emissions from boreal and arctic wetlands, lakes, and rivers are expected to increase in response to warming and associated permafrost thaw. However, the lack of…

Abstract. The Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign was carried out north-west of Svalbard (Norway) between 23 May and 6 June 20…

Abstract. Accurate and long-term rainfall estimates are the main inputs for several applications, from crop modeling to climate analysis. In this study, we present a new rainfall …

Abstract. Surface gravity wave breaking occurs along coastlines in complex spatial and temporal patterns that significantly impact erosion, scalar transport, and flooding. Numeric…

Abstract. Polarimetric radio occultations (PROs) represent an augmentation of the standard radio occultation (RO) technique that provides precipitation and cloud vertical informat…

Abstract. Gross domestic product (GDP) represents a widely used metric to compare economic development across time and space. GDP estimates have been routinely assembled only sinc…

Abstract. Direct observations of marine microbial metabolism are sparse in the Arctic, particularly under sea ice during winter. This paper presents the first observations of Arct…

Abstract. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is widely utilized for retrieving land surface reflectance to reflect plant conditions, detect ecosystem phenol…

Abstract. Water column data of carbon and carbon-relevant parameters have been collected and merged into a new database called CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). In order to provide…

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a seasonally ice-covered, marginal sea in central northern Europe. It is an essential waterway connecting highly industrialised countries. Because ship…

Abstract. Deep-sea fishery in the Mediterranean Sea was historically driven by the commercial profitability of deepwater red shrimp (DWRS), and understanding spatiotemporal dynami…

Abstract. Upper-air data form the backbone of weather analysis and reanalysis products, particularly in the pre-satellite era. However, they are particularly prone to errors and u…

Abstract. The intensification of climate extremes is one of the most immediate effects of global climate change. Heatwaves and droughts have uneven impacts on ecosystems that can …

Abstract. In September 2021, as part of the Italian Arctic research programme, a multidisciplinary cruise along the 75th parallel north through the Greenland Sea Gyre was conducte…

Abstract. The long-term and reliable meteorological reanalysis dataset with high spatial–temporal resolution is crucial for various hydrological and meteorological applications, e…

Abstract. During the second half of 2022 and the first several months on 2023, a pair of Uncrewed Surface Vehicles (USVs) collected high-resolution (∼ 5 km sampling) measurements …

Abstract. Accurate and timely global evapotranspiration (ET) data are crucial for agriculture, water resource management, and drought forecasting. Although numerous satellite-base…

Abstract. We present a new Arctic sea level anomaly dataset based on the combination of three altimeter missions using an optimal interpolation scheme. Measurements from SARAL/Alt…

Abstract. In an effort led by the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), with support from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), the Isfjorden Weather Information Ne…

Abstract. We report on data from an oceanographic cruise, covering western, central and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, on the French research vessel Tethys 2 in May 2015.…

Abstract. Between 3 February and 30 March 2021 the research icebreaker RV Polarstern conducted an extensive multidisciplinary research expedition across the southern Weddell Sea, …

Abstract. Shallow groundwater can respond quickly to precipitation and is the main contributor to streamflow in most catchments in humid, temperate climates. Therefore, it is impo…

Abstract. In situ measurements of particulate inherent optical properties (IOPs) – absorption (ap(λ)), scattering (bp(λ)), and beam attenuation (cp(λ)) – are crucial for the devel…

Abstract. Floods are among the most common natural disasters responsible for severe damages and human losses. Numerically produced data, managed by user-friendly tools for geograp…

Abstract. Despite an increasing attention on the role of land in meeting countries' climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, the range of estimates of carbon fluxes from land us…

Abstract. Mesoscale eddies are prevalent features within the global ocean that modify the physical, chemical and biological properties as they move and evolve. These modifications…

Abstract. Dams have proliferated along the Mekong, spurred by energy demands from economic development and capital from private companies. Swift dam evolution has rendered many da…

Abstract. Roadside noise barriers (RNBs) are important urban infrastructures to ensure that cities remain liveable. However, the absence of accurate and large-scale geospatial dat…

Abstract. Station-based serially complete datasets (SCDs) of precipitation and temperature observations are important for hydrometeorological studies. Motivated by the lack of ser…

Abstract. Tropical cyclones (TC) are natural destructive phenomena, which affect wide tropical and subtropical areas every year. Although the correct prediction of their tracks an…

Abstract. China has undergone rapid urbanization and internal migration in the past few years, and its up-to-date gridded population datasets are essential for various application…